{
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                    "value": "2015-01-08",
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            "note": "Complete",
            "author": "Shepherd, Rupert",
            "type": "CO Core Record QA"
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                    "value": "2015-01-08",
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            "value": "The instrument is blown through a hole in the side of the stem of the gourd. The MIMSY image shows instrument without buzzing membrane covering top of hole in stem of gourd. (MB)  Instrument Collected and given by Leon New, together with a recording of students making music for the maripengo dance by drumming and by singing through similar kazoos. These instruments were the mainstay of the school band in Mporokoso, Zambia in the late 1960s. Similar kazoo bands (malipengo) feature in North Malawi, in dances based on British Army parades. The students sing into the gourds, which have a membrane covering the narrow end of the tube, creating a \nbuzzing hum. As well as modifying the sound of the human voice, buzzing membranes, or \u2018mirlitons\u2019, are also a feature of African percussion instruments. POSSIBLE ETHNIC NAME - LIPENGA - SEE 'MALIPENGA' ENTRY IN GROVE."
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    },
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        "EXPORT 3RD (2000-11-29)",
        "MINIM-UK"
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            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Voice disguiser made from gourd with membrane.",
            "primary": true
        },
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            "type": "original description",
            "value": "Gourd voice disguiser."
        },
        {
            "type": "gallery table text",
            "value": "Students make music for the maripengo dance on this track by drumming and by singing through kazoos. These instruments were the mainstay of the school band in Mporokoso, Zambia in the late 1960s. Similar kazoo bands (malipengo) feature in North Malawi, in dances based on British Army parades.The students sing into the gourds, which have a membrane covering the narrow end of the tube, creating a buzzing hum. As well as modifying the sound of the human voice, buzzing membranes, or \u2018mirlitons\u2019, are also a feature of African percussion instruments."
        },
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            "type": "description (online)",
            "value": "Voice activated mirliton, voice disguiser. A long-necked gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) with a large circular hole at the base. A membrane originally covered the hole at the top of the neck of the gourd (the membrane pictured is not original). This produced a buzzing sound when the musician sang into the round hole cut into the side of the neck on the outside of the curve."
        },
        {
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "The player sings through the hole on the side of the instrument, causing the membrane stretched over the hole at the top of the neck to modify the music of the voice with a buzzing sound.   At the time when this voice-disguiser was collected, it was used by students to make music for the maripengo dance, together with drums. These instruments were the mainstay of the school band in Mporokoso, Zambia in the late 1960s. Similar kazoo bands feature in North Malawi, in malipenga dances imitating the British Army parades of the colonial era."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "use",
            "value": "Students make music for the maripengo dance on this track by drumming and by singing through kazoos. These instruments were the mainstay of the school band in Mporokoso, Zambia in the late 1960s. Similar kazoo bands (malipengo) feature in North Malawi, in dances based on British Army parades.    The students sing into the gourds,  which have a membrane covering the narrow end of the tube, creating a  buzzing hum. As well as modifying the sound of the human voice, buzzing membranes, or \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcmirlitons\u00e2\u20ac\u2122, are also a feature of African percussion instruments."
        },
        {
            "type": "use",
            "value": "As well as modifying the sound of the human voice, buzzing membranes, or \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcmirlitons\u00e2\u20ac\u2122, are also a feature of African percussion instruments."
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