{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-03", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Complete", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO Core Record QA" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-03", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Complete", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO Extended Record 1 QA" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-03", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Extended Record 1", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-07-20", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "IROONEY", "instruction": "red", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "Bancroft, N. 'People of the Totem'.; Robinson, G. 'Raven and Trickster'.; http:\/\/www.indians.org; http:\/\/www.archaeolink.com; http:\/\/content.lib.washington.edu\/\nPLACE: North West coast of Untied States of America\nOLD DESCRIPTION FROM THE USE FIELD: Totem pole carving is unique to the northwest coast of North America and was most popular in the mid 19th century. Totem poles displayed family crests of related family legends and were erected as symbols of family pride and wealth or as memorials to the dead. This model totem pole was probably made as a trade item but might have been a copy of a real totem pole. The totems displayed are the thunderbird, recognisable by the face painted on his chest. He was a mythical creature who lived in the mountains, made thunder by flapping his wings and lightning flashed from his eyes. He is carrying a killer whale in his claws. The skull may represent a famous ancestor. Raven with his long beak is a great trickster in legend. He gave the people fire after stealing it from Qok, the great snowy one.\n\nCONNECTED STORIES( FROM TEMPLATE): One of the totems carved on this model pole is the Thunderbird, recognisable by the face painted on his chest. He was a mythical creature who lived in the mountains, made thunder by flapping his wings and lightning flashed from his eyes. He is carrying a killer whale in his claws. The skull may represent a famous ancestor. Raven with his long beak is a great trickster in legend who gave fire to the people after stealing it from Qok, the great snowy.\n\nIn the gardens of the Horniman Museum there is a seven metre high totem pole carved by Nathan Jackson, a Tlingit from Alaska. This pole features three figures; an eagle at the top, a girl with a bag, and a grizzly bear at the foot of the foot of the pole. The eagle is Nathan Jackson's main family crest, whilst the bear and the girl are part of a well known west coast legend, 'The Girl who married the Bear'. This legend tells of several important things in traditional northwest coastal life, respect that should be shown to animals, rituals for killing bears, duties between brothers-in law and the relationship between brothers and sisters.\n\nVIDEOS AND PHOTOGRAPHS: There must be photos of the Nathan Jackson totem pole available somewhere\n\nRELATED OBJECTS: N.Jackson totem pole in gardens and handling collection photos of him carving it (HOB, shelf 22x?)\n\nHOB - various objects from schools talk, mostly in the same cabinet (need to check exact location)\nCentenary Gallery \u2013 Katchina dolls and headdress and masks\nMusic galley \u2013 FNA drums?" } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "projects": [ "CollectionsOnline01", "CollectionsPeopleStories" ], "admin": { "processed": 1741889145012, "sequence": 7705109, "uid": "hmc-object-8222", "added": 1663962035031, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-8222", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "d67c1c31-6b6f-3f65-8f02-d8b44ce738a7" }, "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Model of a totem pole, from the Northwest Coast of the USA, depicting a number of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures.", "primary": true }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-04", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-04", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object" }, "sort": "02", "type": "description (online)", "value": "Model of a totem pole, from the Northwest Coast of the USA, depicting a number of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "sort": "03", "type": "commentary (online)", "value": "The term \"totem pole\" is not a native Northwest Coast phrase. In fact, the use of the term \"totem\" to refer to the Northwest Coast images of family crests or emblems is not strictly accurate. The word \"totem\" itself derives from an Ojibwa word, \"ototeman,\" and \"totemism\" in anthropological terms refers to the belief that a kin group is descended from a certain animal and treats it with special care, refraining from eating or hunting it. The figures carved on Northwest Coast poles generally represent ancestors and supernatural beings that were once encountered by the ancestors of the lineage, who thereby acquired the right to represent them as crests, symbols of their identity, and records of their history.\n\nSeveral different types of these monumental poles include: tall house frontal poles placed against the house front (often serving as doorways of houses with the entrance through a hole at the bottom), carved interior house posts that support roof beams, free standing memorial poles placed in front of houses to honor deceased chiefs, and mortuary poles made to house the coffins of important people in a niche at the top. Tall multiple-figure poles were first made only by the northern Northwest Coast Haida, Tlingit, and Tsimshian peoples in Southeast Alaska and British Columbia. Large human welcome figures and interior house posts were made by the Kwakwaka'wakw and Nuu-chah-nulth people further south, and the Coast Salish people in Southern British Columbia and western Washington also carved large human figures representing ancestors and spirit helpers on interior house posts and as grave monuments.\n\nEssay by Robin K. Wright from the University of Washington Libraries." }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": [ { "value": "In front of Museum, Totem Pole" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "sort": "04", "source": "Mellor, Mary", "type": "Find Out File", "value": "Totem pole carving is unique to the northwest coast of North America and was most popular in the mid 19th century. \n\nTotem poles displayed family crests of related family legends and were erected as symbols of family pride and wealth or as memorials to the dead. This model totem pole was probably made as a trade item but might have been a copy of a real totem pole. The totems displayed are the thunderbird, recognisable by the face painted on his chest. He was a mythical creature who lived in the mountains, made thunder by flapping his wings and lightning flashed from his eyes. He is carrying a killer whale in his claws. The skull may represent a famous ancestor. Raven with his long beak is a great trickster in legend. He gave the people fire after stealing it from Qok, the great snowy one." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "historical": true, "type": "commentary", "value": "Full sized totem poles similar to this model were displayed as memorials to the dead, as a record of the family history and the family spirit animals, or to show wealth and status." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "historical": true, "type": "description (online)", "value": "Model of a totem pole. North West Coast of USA." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "How is it used? \nAlthough this model was probably made as a trade item, full sized totem poles were erected as memorials to ancestors and leaders and displayed family legends. The 'totems' (spirits which watch over you) carved on the pole showed the spirit animals of the family. The people who made totem poles had no written language but the totem poles allowed them to record stories, legends, and myths through images. Totem poles were erected to show wealth and status and to mark important occasions such as births, marriages and deaths. Although totem poles show spirit animals they are not used in any religious worship.\n\nWho is it used by and why them? \nTotem pole carving is a tradition unique to the peoples of the north west coast of North America. They lived in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. Some of the tribes that inhabited those states were the Bella Coola, Haida, Kwakiuts, Makah, Nez Perce, Nisqualli, Nootka, Quinault, Puyallup, Salish, Snohomish, Spokane, Shuswap, Swinomish, Tlingit, and Tsimshian. The region was rugged, mountainous and heavily wooded. The people made good use of the abundance of wood and became skilled woodcarvers. Their legends reflect their surroundings and feature many spirit animals from both the sea and land. Their creation stories usually feature the Thunderbird, a mythical giant bird whose name comes from the belief that the beating of its wings creates thunder. It was also believed that lightning came from its eyes and when it blinked it could control rainfall. It was the servant of the Great Spirit." }, { "type": "use", "value": "Full sized totem poles similar to this model were displayed as memorials to the dead, as a record of the family history and the family spirit animals or to show wealth and status. How is it used? Although this model was probably made as a trade item, full sized totem poles were erected as memorials to ancestors and leaders and displayed family legends. The \u00e2\u20ac\u02dctotems\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 (spirits which watch over you) carved on the pole showed the spirit animals of the family. One of the totems carved on this model pole is the Thunderbird, recognisable by the face painted on his chest. He was a mythical creature who lived in the mountains, made thunder by flapping his wings and lightning flashed from his eyes. He is carrying a killer whale in his claws. The skull may represent a famous ancestor. Raven with his long beak is a great trickster in legend who gave fire to the people after stealing it from Qok, the great snowy one.They had no written language but the totem poles allowed them to record stories, legends, and myths through images. Totem poles were erected to show wealth and status and to mark important occasions such as births, marriages and deaths. Although totem poles show spirit animals they are not used in any religious worship. Who is it used by and why them? Totem pole carving is a tradition unique to the peoples of the north west coast of North America. They lived in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. Some of the tribes that inhabited those states were the Bella Coola, Haida, Kwakiuts, Makah, Nez Perce, Nisqualli, Nootka, Quinault, Puyallup, Salish, Snohomish, Spokane, Shuswap, Swinomish, Tlingit, and Tsimshian. The region was rugged, mountainous and heavily wooded. The people made good use of the abundance of wood and became skilled woodcarvers. Their legends reflect their surroundings and feature many spirit animals from both the sea and land. Their creation stories usually feature the Thunderbird, a mythical giant bird whose name comes from the belief that the beating of its wings creates thunder. It was also believed that lightning came from its eyes when it blinked it could control rainfall. It was the servant of the Great Spirit. The term \"totem pole\" is not a native Northwest Coast phrase. In fact, the use of the term \"totem\" to refer to the Northwest Coast images of family crests or emblems is not strictly accurate. The word \"totem\" itself derives from an Ojibwa word, \"ototeman,\" and \"totemism\" in anthropological terms refers to the belief that a kin group is descended from a certain animal and treats it with special care, refraining from eating or hunting it. The figures carved on Northwest Coast poles generally represent ancestors and supernatural beings that were once encountered by the ancestors of the lineage, who thereby acquired the right to represent them as crests, symbols of their identity, and records of their history. Several different types of these monumental poles include: tall house frontal poles placed against the house front, often serving as doorways of houses with the entrance through a hole at the bottom; carved interior house posts that support roof beams; free standing memorial poles placed in front of houses to honor deceased chiefs; and mortuary poles made to house the coffins of important people in a niche at the top. Tall multiple-figure poles were first made only by the northern Northwest Coast Haida, Tlingit, and Tsimshian peoples in Southeast Alaska and British Columbia. Large human welcome figures and interior house posts were made by the Kwakwaka'wakw and Nuu-chah-nulth people further south, and the Coast Salish people in Southern British Columbia and western Washington also carved large human figures representing ancestors and spirit helpers on interior house posts and as grave monuments. Essay by Robin K. Wright from the University of Washington Libraries." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "commentary", "value": "The term 'totem pole' is not a native Northwest Coast phrase. In fact, the use of the term 'totem' to refer to the Northwest Coast images of family crests or emblems is not strictly accurate. The word 'totem' itself derives from an Ojibwa word, 'ototeman', and 'totemism' in anthropological terms refers to the belief that a kin group is descended from a certain animal and treats it with special care, refraining from eating or hunting it. The figures carved on Northwest Coast poles generally represent ancestors and supernatural beings that were once encountered by the ancestors of the lineage, who thereby acquired the right to represent them as crests, symbols of their identity, and records of their history. \n \nSeveral different types of these monumental poles include: tall house frontal poles placed against the house front (often serving as doorways of houses with the entrance through a hole at the bottom), carved interior house posts that support roof beams, free standing memorial poles placed in front of houses to honor deceased chiefs, and mortuary poles made to house the coffins of important people in a niche at the top. Tall multiple-figure poles were first made only by the northern Northwest Coast Haida, Tlingit, and Tsimshian peoples in Southeast Alaska and British Columbia. Large human welcome figures and interior house posts were made by the Kwakwaka'wakw and Nuu-chah-nulth people further south, and the Coast Salish people in Southern British Columbia and western Washington also carved large human figures representing ancestors and spirit helpers on interior house posts and as grave monuments. \n \nEssay by Robin K. Wright from the University of Washington Libraries." } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "lifecycle": { "creation": [ { "places": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "United States of America", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-326", "id": "place-326", "uuid": "10f71518-2c66-35c2-bdac-2186a8460f26" }, "historical": true, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "source": "catalogue", "type": "literal" }, "summary_title": "Northwest Coast (Canada)", "name": [ { "value": "Northwest Coast (Canada)" } ] }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2019, "value": "2019-12-19", "latest": 2019, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Storrie, Robert" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Northwest Coast (Canada)", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-1979", "id": "place-1979", "uuid": "02b9d441-1870-33c2-b50f-afbca0f41e75" } } ] } ] }, "physicalDescriptors": [ { "note": "Rooney, Imogen 1999-07-20", "component": "overall", "terms": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@link": { "type": "literal" } }, "type": "completeness" }, { "note": "Collections Conservation and Care Section", "component": "overall", "terms": "wood", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "wood", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015488", "id": "term-1015488", "uuid": "9374e5ef-ab0b-3b66-84bd-3f9728ed1f9a" }, "sort": 2 }, "type": "material" }, { "note": "Collections Conservation and Care Section", "component": "overall", "terms": "pigment", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "pigment", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1018232", "id": "term-1018232", "uuid": "41523533-464e-3170-a866-63e710b34659" }, "sort": 1 }, "type": "material" } ], "terms": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "curator" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Northwest Coast Peoples", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-500786", "id": "term-500786", "uuid": "454c1817-b609-38a2-9ff9-d18fd1df9071" }, "historical": true, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-04", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object labels" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "totem poles", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504534", "id": "term-504534", "uuid": "0afbd1e2-5c38-34d8-9215-911d08869d33" }, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "20-Jul-99", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "totem pole models", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-508658", "id": "term-508658", "uuid": "bacd1bc4-4ed7-3400-90e2-e8b497ca6a46" }, "historical": true, "sort": "02" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Collections Conservation and Care Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "pigment", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1018232", "id": "term-1018232", "uuid": "41523533-464e-3170-a866-63e710b34659" }, "sort": "03" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Collections Conservation and Care Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "wood", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015488", "id": "term-1015488", "uuid": "9374e5ef-ab0b-3b66-84bd-3f9728ed1f9a" }, "sort": "04" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2017, "value": "2017-09-07", "latest": 2017, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Whitson Cloud, Jonathan" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Kwakwaka'wakw", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-501096", "id": "term-501096", "uuid": "42f728da-06c2-372f-88d2-f7b5510b82e4" } } ], "summary_title": "totem pole", "legal": { "status": "permanent collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "option5": "Belief", "use": "Full sized totem poles similar to this model were displayed as memorials to the dead, as a record of family history or to show wealth and status. Totem poles could also record stories, legends, and myths with their imagery. Totem pole carving is a tradition among many tribes and nations that live on the north west coast of the North American continent. These poles could be in a variety of locations, including forming the entrance to a home, as interior structural support, and placed in front of a house.", "flag4": "N", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "Y", "option4": "CollectionsOnline01; CollectionsPeopleStories", "flag1": "N", "option1": "People all over the world celebrate family events such as births, marriages and deaths and like to record their family history. In the gardens of the Horniman Museum, there is a seven metre high totem pole carved by Nathan Jackson, a Tlingit from Alaska. This pole features three figures: an eagle at the top, a girl with a bag, and a grizzly bear at the foot of the pole. The eagle is Nathan Jackson's main family crest whilst the bear and the girl are part of a well known west coast legend, 'The Girl who married the Bear'. This legend tells of several important things in traditional northwest coast life: respect that should be shown to animals, rituals for killing bears, duties between brothers-in law and the relationship between brothers and sisters. \n\nIn the UK, we do not use totem poles but people do often have family photos on display in their homes and make newspaper announcements of family events. Sometimes a memorial is made to remember and honour the dead. For example, a statue of a famous person, a park bench with a name on it or even a war memorial for soldiers. People everywhere, even if their daily lives are very different, have similar feelings and do things for the same reasons because we are all human beings.\n\nHow do people celebrate and record their history where you live?", "option2": "We don\u2019t know what wood this model is made from but full sized totem poles are usually carved from western red cedar wood because it is easily available, water resistant and therefore long lasting. Only the best artists were commissioned to carve totem poles but in ancient times only a few noble families could afford them. In the nineteenth century the number and size of poles increased as people became wealthier from the fur trade and iron tools became more easily available." }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "categories": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography" } ], "measurements": { "display": "overall: 1126 mm x 500 mm x 270 mm", "attribution": { "attributor": "Documentation Section" }, "count": "1", "sort": "01", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 1126 mm x 500 mm x 270 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "10 5\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "270" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "44 5\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "1126" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "19 11\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "500" } ] }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "22.11.56\/1", "type": "accession number", "value": "22.11.56\/1", "primary": true } ], "subjects": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "learning subject" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "First Americans", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-47", "id": "subject-47", "uuid": "6d1c6301-a699-3f93-b5c2-3d7daf2d543b" }, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "learning subject" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Thunderbird and Whale", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-263", "id": "subject-263", "uuid": "5aa28273-f971-3ba9-a546-a1ea5384bc05" }, "sort": "02" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "learning subject" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "The girl who married the bear", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-315", "id": "subject-315", "uuid": "788930c6-9958-3afe-b609-5b79a123e341" }, "sort": "03" } ], "collection": "Anthropology", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-01-05", "latest": 2016 }, "examiner": "Maycock, Lucy; Magill, Maria", "value": "2: fair" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222863073000, "location": "160\/350\/preview_22_11_56_1__002_DS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 1123 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 76 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222863073000, "location": "160\/350\/feature_22_11_56_1__002_DS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 9345 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 373 } ] } }, "large": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 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