{
    "summary": {
        "title": "yoke (land transport: animal powered)"
    },
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        {
            "accession_number": "23.5.49\/16",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "23.5.49\/16",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "Historical file refers to box file on shelves with sale catalogues, but no catalogue in there for this date. 2013-04-11; Richardson, Esther.\nThe metal loops for suspension are not part of the object, and were presumably inserted for a previous display. FK."
        }
    ],
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        "value": "N"
    },
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        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Wooden ox yoke, jugo de t\u00e1bua, carved in animal and other designs and painted in red, yellow and other colours. The top is decorated with tufts of hair. H (overall 2\u2019 1 \u201c). L 3\u2019 11\u201d.  Thickness 3\u00bd\u201d.",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
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                    "latest": 2000,
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                }
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            "value": "yoke (land transport: animal powered)"
        },
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            "value": "wooden ox yoke,carved & painted"
        },
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                "source": "Anthro  MDA catalogue cards"
            },
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            "value": "Ox yoke, carved in animal and other designs and painted in red, yellow etc. The top is decorated with tufts of hair. \nH (overall 2\u2019 1 \u201c) L 3\u2019 11\u201d.Thickness 3\u00bd\u201d."
        },
        {
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "The yoke's image that you sent me (which we, in Portugal, call \"Jugo\" or \"Canga\" - especifically \"Jugo de t\u00c3\u00a1bua\", which means board-like Jugo) refers to a specific one, which is very common in the NorthWest of Portugal, especially in the area of Oporto (Porto). \n \nThese kind of yokes were very common from the mid XIX century on. The farmers that owned one of these were, perhaps, a bit wealthier than the poorer day labourers. They probably owned their piece of land and the yoke became a \"mirror\" of the farm. Going to the markets, cities (like Porto), to processions, to Sunday mass, etc, was the right occasion to attach the oxen together with such yokes which, sometimes, even had the name of the owner carved. The one you showed me would be attached both to the oxen's horns and their necks, using leather belts and\/or wooden collars. This would make it easier for them to pull the weight. \n \nThe founders of the museum wrote a book about this topic, of which I leave you the reference: \n \nOliveira, Ernesto Veiga de; Pereira, Benjamim; Galhano, Fernando - \"Sistemas de Atrelagem dos bois em Portugal\". Lisboa: Instituto de Alta Cultura, 1973.  \n \nPedro Augusto \nMuseu Nacional de Etnologia  \nLisboa"
        }
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