{
    "summary": {
        "title": "kissi-penny"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "3.3.65\/1",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "3.3.65\/1",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "source": "Combined Lab. Numbers",
            "type": "Horniman laboratory number",
            "value": "9132"
        },
        {
            "type": "old 1-3 code",
            "value": "13;b;12"
        },
        {
            "type": "old 4 code",
            "value": "af73"
        }
    ],
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "Kissi pennie so called because of their use and manufacture by among other peoples the Kisi of the Sierra Leone-Liberia border country. They are long thin bars of wrought iron, twisted for part of their length and with the two ends splayed out. One end called the foot is roughly triangular like a fish tail the other called the ear is ovoid. The shape is probably best regarded as that of a conventionalised hoe, comparing with other types of hoe money of West Africa. These are still used as the common currency net only by the natives but by all polite travellers in the hinterland......Now that coins are beginning to penetrate into the interior there has to be a money changer in the market who sits on a mat with a pile of irons in front of him and exchanged them at some 46-48 to the West African shilling . Two irons will buy a large bunch of bananas, a score of oranges, or several kola. They may be seen as an offering made on the death of a chief; first broken and then stuck in the grave; and they provide an essential part if not the whole of the brid price....Among the Gbande of Liberia the man places an iron on the womans head saying 'this is my wife' as he hands over the first installment of payments to her father. Quiggins 1949."
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "Y"
    },
    "projects": [
        "CollectionsPeopleStories"
    ],
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Kissi (or Kisi) penny made from a rough strip or rood of iron, twisted along the central section. One end characteristically ends in a bent T-shape, the other a flattened oval.",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "kissi pennies"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "kissie-pennie"
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "original description",
            "value": "Long thin bar of wrought iron, twisted for part of its length and with the two ends splayed out. One end called the foot is roughly triangular like a fish tail the other called the ear is ovoid. Used as currency."
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2014,
                    "value": "2014-07-22",
                    "latest": 2014,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2014,
                        "value": "2014-07-22",
                        "latest": 2014,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Zetterstrom-Sharp, Johanna",
                "source": "object"
            },
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "The Kissi penny was a form of currency used particularly in Sierra Leone and Liberia, though circulated along the whole coast of West Africa and Central Africa. Though iron was used as a trade good across the region, the Kissi penny is first recorded as being in circulation from 1880."
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2014,
                    "value": "2014-07-22",
                    "latest": 2014,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2014,
                        "value": "2014-07-22",
                        "latest": 2014,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Zetterstrom-Sharp, Johanna",
                "source": "object"
            },
            "type": "description (online)",
            "value": "Kissi (or Kisi) penny made from a rough strip or rood of iron, twisted along the central section. One end characteristically ends in a bent T-shape, the other a flattened oval."
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "collection": "Anthropology",
    "type": {
        "sub_type": [
            "general"
        ],
        "scope": "WHOLE",
        "base": "object"
    },
    "condition": [
        {
            "date": {
                "earliest": 2001,
                "value": "2001-08-01",
                "latest": 2001
            },
            "examiner": "Heady, Teresa",
            "value": "2: fair"
        }
    ],
    "@admin": {
        "processed": 1744912892233,
        "sequence": 7468070,
        "uid": "hmc-object-52464",
        "added": 1664522228982,
        "stream": "collections-online",
        "id": "object-52464",
        "source": "hmc",
        "uuid": "72ddfa5d-7251-385a-8c98-742e4e7d370d"
    },
    "material": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "iron",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "Stevens, Albert, Mr."
                    },
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1965-03-03",
                            "latest": 1965
                        },
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "donor"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 1965,
                                    "value": "1965-03-03",
                                    "latest": 1965,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
                        }
                    },
                    "@admin": {
                        "uid": "hmc-agent-4796",
                        "id": "agent-4796",
                        "uuid": "f19740e1-b32c-3264-9c17-74c7d7e52f5b"
                    },
                    "@entity": "reference"
                }
            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "legal": {
        "credit": "Collected by the donor's father in the construction of the railway from Freetown.",
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "name": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "kissi-penny",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (local)"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "kissi-penny"
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                    "variation": 112092
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                "@entity": "reference"
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            "type": "object name"
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        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "kissi-penny"
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                "@link": {
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                    "variation": 0
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                "@admin": {
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                    "id": "term-501392",
                    "uuid": "20454cb9-d0a0-3161-81dc-d5311886ac8d"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)",
            "value": "kissie-pennie"
        },
        {
            "type": "common name",
            "value": "kissi pennies"
        }
    ],
    "options": {
        "item_count": "1",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "Y",
        "system_count": "0",
        "flag2": "N",
        "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories",
        "flag1": "N",
        "number1": "1"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "kissi-penny"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-501392",
                "id": "term-501392",
                "uuid": "20454cb9-d0a0-3161-81dc-d5311886ac8d"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Borana"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-501017",
                "id": "term-501017",
                "uuid": "300e19c3-36f7-3ddb-be52-c6489bf0888f"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "kissi-penny"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-501392",
                "id": "term-501392",
                "uuid": "20454cb9-d0a0-3161-81dc-d5311886ac8d"
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            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography"
        }
    ],
    "physical": [
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "iron",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "iron"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1015540",
                    "id": "term-1015540",
                    "uuid": "d1b2e987-e300-37d2-b85f-9304caf36308"
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                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "material"
        }
    ],
    "facility": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "shC"
            },
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Location automatically updated from SCC; 3\/0; 42; ; C; 1 as part of rationalisation of SCC locations, Rupert Shepherd,  2012-06-30."
                }
            ],
            "@link": {
                "container": "Box15180",
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2008,
                    "value": "2008-12-23",
                    "latest": 2008
                },
                "level4": "shC",
                "current": "Y",
                "last": {
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level2": "1\/4"
                },
                "purpose": "Regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Curtis, Bill"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay42",
                "level2": "3\/0"
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            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-5862",
                "id": "facility-5862",
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            "@entity": "reference",
            "primary": true
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        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Layout Space"
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            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2001,
                    "value": "2001-09-03",
                    "latest": 2001
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "level5": "00000C",
                    "level6": "000001",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level3": "000042",
                    "level2": "3\/0"
                },
                "purpose": "conservation",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Museum Van"
                },
                "location": "HMG - Forest Hill",
                "level1": "Michael Horniman Building",
                "level2": "Layout Space"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-12795",
                "id": "facility-12795",
                "uuid": "4069064f-2c3d-3e5a-821d-ba16a27de849"
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            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Layout Table 2"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2001,
                    "value": "2001-12-04",
                    "latest": 2001
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "L2001.3: Wandsworth Museum"
                },
                "purpose": "temporary storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Edge, Julia"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "table",
                "level2": "1\/2"
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            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-560",
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                "uuid": "9f045368-df1d-3b7a-aa38-43751f9b06bd"
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        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "HMG - North Greenwich"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2001,
                    "value": "2001-12-06",
                    "latest": 2001
                },
                "level5": "000001",
                "level4": "shC",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "level6": "table",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level2": "1\/2"
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                "purpose": "regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Curtis, Bill"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay42",
                "level2": "3\/0"
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                "id": "facility-550",
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        {
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                "title": "floor"
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            "@link": {
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                    "earliest": 2002,
                    "value": "2002-08-15",
                    "latest": 2002
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                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Michael Horniman Building",
                    "level1": "MH",
                    "level2": "0\/1"
                },
                "purpose": "regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Edge, Julia"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "floor",
                "level2": "1\/0"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-673",
                "id": "facility-673",
                "uuid": "656c8c38-37a0-357c-b8e3-bd5fd26bc7c5"
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            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Conservation Lab"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 1996,
                    "value": "1996-08-24",
                    "latest": 1996
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Bishop, Lucy Anne"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level2": "1\/1"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-562",
                "id": "facility-562",
                "uuid": "2cdf8d43-50e8-3d40-9009-6e1b4228d9e1"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "1\/4"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2008,
                    "value": "2008-11-18",
                    "latest": 2008
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "L2002.5: British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, Bristol",
                    "level1": "LOAN"
                },
                "purpose": "temporary storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Gander & White"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level2": "1\/4"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-1191",
                "id": "facility-1191",
                "uuid": "3826d75b-0442-3b9c-90a4-615cf2344bef"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "creation": {
        "date": [
            {
                "source": "catalogue",
                "earliest": 1900,
                "value": "1900-1950 COLL",
                "latest": 1950
            },
            {
                "earliest": 1900,
                "value": "1900-1950 COLL",
                "latest": 1950
            }
        ],
        "place": [
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Sierra Leone"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "made or collected"
                        }
                    ],
                    "locale": "near railway from Freetown"
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-place-286",
                    "id": "place-286",
                    "uuid": "032e82ea-db9c-3690-8c24-f613a3bca607"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Sierra Leone; Africa"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "source": "catalogue"
                },
                "name": [
                    {
                        "value": "Sierra Leone; Africa"
                    }
                ],
                "@entity": "literal"
            }
        ]
    },
    "measurements": {
        "display": "overall: 483 x 86 x 5 mm",
        "count": "1",
        "dimensions": [
            {
                "type": "catalogue dimensions",
                "value": "overall: 483 x 86 x 5 mm",
                "primary": true
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "3\/16"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "5"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "19"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "483"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "3 3\/8"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "86"
            }
        ]
    }
}