{
    "instructions": [
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2012,
                    "value": "2012-11-12",
                    "latest": 2012,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "author": "Utting, Rachael",
            "instruction": "definitely contains human remains; source not living in 1906 or later",
            "type": "Human Remains"
        }
    ],
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "Description\/Commentary for web catalogue predates edits by Graham Wells."
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "N"
    },
    "access": {
        "conditions": "Human Remains"
    },
    "projects": [
        "EXPORT 3RD (2000-11-29)"
    ],
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Thod rnga, cranium drum. Two human crania, attached at the crowns. Skin membranes glued to each side with a 12 - 15 mm overlap around the outsides. Cuts in the bone follow the edges of the membranes, suggesting they were glued into place and then cut to size. The membranes are not flat, as they follow the uneven shapes of the cranium rims. A red fabric band approx. 20 mm wide is wrapped around the join of the crania, the two sides of which are tied at the top and go on to form a large loop. A hole in the fabric in the loop shows a similar fabric, but in black, inside. Two pellet beaters are attached with a wound thread made from fabric, one to each side of the instrumnet. These are attached to the red fabric. The pellets are wrapped in a linen-like fabric, which is stiched into place.",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 1999,
                    "value": "26-Dec-99",
                    "latest": 1999,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "rattle drum"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 1999,
                    "value": "26-Dec-99",
                    "latest": 1999,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "thod rnga, cranium drum"
        },
        {
            "attribution": {
                "source": "MDA catalogue card"
            },
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Double membrane drum. Drum made of 2 skull-caps, with membranes glued on. Cotton carrying cord around the middle has 2 cord attached, each ending in a hard cotton knob, used as a pellet drum."
        },
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Transcribed from record 2009-02-06 G Maurino"
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "source": "Typology file record"
            },
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Twist drum, double membrane, made from two human skulls.\nMuseum no. 24.11.51\/10\nTibet\nThe two skull-caps are joined at the crown, and a skin membrane is stretched across the opening and glued to the bone.\nA piece of red cloth is tied round the junction and this is sewn together to form a loop handle.\nTwo lengths of cord are attached to the cloth at the sides; these are knotted at the end with the knots covered in wax.\nThe drum is played by being twirled rapidly do that the cords strike the membrane.\nOne of the skulls has a piece broken out of it and has been mended with paper; the membrane on that side has also been damaged."
        },
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Transcribed from record 2009-02-23 G Maurino"
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "source": "MDA catalogue card"
            },
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Double membrane drum. \nTibet\nDrum made of 2 skull-caps, with membranes glued on. Cotton carrying cord around the middle has 2 cord attached, each ending in a hard cotton knob, used as a pellet drum.\no.l. 17 cm. \no.w. 14 cm."
        },
        {
            "type": "description (online)",
            "value": "Thod-rnga, cranium drum, hourglass drum. Two human crania, attached at the crowns. Skin membranes glued to each side with a 12-15 mm overlap around the rims. Cuts in the bone following the edges of the membranes suggest they were glued into place and then cut to size. The membranes are not flat, as they follow the uneven shapes of the cranium rims. A red cotton band approximately 20 mm wide is wrapped around the join of the crania. The two sides of the band are stitched together at the top to secure it to the instrument, but then go on to form a large loop above. A hole in the fabric of the loop shows that it is filled with a similar cotton fabric, but dyed black. Two pellet beaters are attached by short lengths of wound fabric to the red band, one to each side of the instrument. The pellets are wrapped in cotton bands, which are stitched into place."
        },
        {
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "Hourglass drums, called damaras, are used in a number of rituals associated with Tibetan Buddhism. The thod-rnga is a specific type of damara made from the crowns of two human skulls ('thod' meaning 'skull' in Tibetan). Traditionally, the throd-rnga  is made from the skulls of two people of opposite sexes who died violent deaths. The drum is considered to have a powerful effect in protecting against evil."
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "type": {
        "sub_type": [
            "general"
        ],
        "scope": "WHOLE",
        "base": "object"
    },
    "legal": {
        "access": "Human Remains",
        "rights": [
            {
                "holder": "Horniman Museum and Gardens",
                "type": "Display Rights"
            }
        ],
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "options": {
        "option5": "Membranophone",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "N",
        "system_count": "0",
        "flag2": "N",
        "option4": "EXPORT 3RD (2000-11-29)",
        "flag1": "N",
        "number1": "1"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "thod-rngas"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name (unclassified)"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1016765",
                "id": "term-1016765",
                "uuid": "fc3b0470-2369-3670-b0ab-aac3bf722ceb"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "event": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "'Cham: Tibetan dance drama"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-event-22",
                "id": "event-22",
                "uuid": "90dd2c4b-a2ab-3e8f-a8ea-a0e2ee8d9369"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "physical": [
        {
            "note": "main",
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "bone",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "bone"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1016286",
                    "id": "term-1016286",
                    "uuid": "f1aaed8f-ab96-3a44-bd0f-3f9598e0eb77"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "textile",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "textile"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1015563",
                    "id": "term-1015563",
                    "uuid": "83aad852-425d-3e84-b5df-8d4cd04f7ad6"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "hide",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "hide"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1015474",
                    "id": "term-1015474",
                    "uuid": "a424a52f-338e-3391-9485-b0c5a5beb3df"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "human remains",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@entity": "literal"
            },
            "type": "material"
        }
    ],
    "creation": {
        "date": [
            {
                "source": "catalogue",
                "earliest": 1800,
                "value": "1800-1900",
                "latest": 1900
            },
            {
                "earliest": 1801,
                "value": "19th century",
                "latest": 1900
            },
            {
                "earliest": 1800,
                "value": "1800-1900",
                "latest": 1900
            }
        ],
        "place": [
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Tibet"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "made or collected"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-place-312",
                    "id": "place-312",
                    "uuid": "2db4f42e-7c54-37ee-8704-c6d207f33226"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Tibet; Asia"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "source": "catalogue"
                },
                "name": [
                    {
                        "value": "Tibet; Asia"
                    }
                ],
                "@entity": "literal"
            }
        ]
    },
    "measurements": {
        "display": "overall: 140 x 207 x 145 mm",
        "dimensions": [
            {
                "type": "catalogue dimensions",
                "value": "overall: 140 x 207 x 145 mm",
                "primary": true
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "5 11\/16"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "145"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "5 1\/2"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "140"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "8 1\/8"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "207"
            }
        ]
    },
    "exhibition": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Music Gallery"
            },
            "@link": {
                "location": "Horniman Museum; Music Gallery; Side B - The Rhythm of Life; Case B3 - Death and Rememberence; position 40",
                "theme": {
                    "sub1": "Case B3 - Death and Rememberence",
                    "section": "Side B - The Rhythm of Life"
                },
                "catalogue": {
                    "catalogued": "N"
                }
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-exhibition-1691",
                "id": "exhibition-1691",
                "uuid": "959da8fe-140e-3b89-92da-1a05facb2db3"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "summary": {
        "title": "thod-rnga; rattle drum"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "3919",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "3919",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "uncertain"
                }
            ],
            "type": "old Horniman accession number",
            "value": "341"
        },
        {
            "source": "Combined Lab. Numbers",
            "type": "Horniman laboratory number",
            "value": "8608"
        },
        {
            "source": "Ralph Appelbaum Associates",
            "type": "external number",
            "value": "a-1638"
        }
    ],
    "collection": "Musical Instruments",
    "condition": [
        {
            "date": {
                "earliest": 2000,
                "value": "2000-03",
                "latest": 2003
            },
            "examiner": "Pancaldo, Susanna",
            "value": "2: fair"
        }
    ],
    "@admin": {
        "processed": 1743358398068,
        "sequence": 7735734,
        "uid": "hmc-object-12099",
        "added": 1664637551640,
        "stream": "collections-online",
        "id": "object-12099",
        "source": "hmc",
        "uuid": "06b58a0b-38f5-323a-9ce5-8ee31bd64c8d"
    },
    "movable": "Y",
    "material": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "bone; hide; textile; human remains",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "unknown"
                    },
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1898",
                            "latest": 1898
                        },
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "vendor"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 1898,
                                    "value": "1898",
                                    "latest": 1898,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
                        }
                    },
                    "@admin": {
                        "uid": "hmc-agent-452",
                        "id": "agent-452",
                        "uuid": "c5c52725-9586-3015-b1ce-7cde02a0b6c8"
                    },
                    "@entity": "reference"
                }
            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "name": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "thod-rnga; rattle drum",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "thod-rngas"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name (unclassified)"
                        }
                    ],
                    "variation": 130493
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1016765",
                    "id": "term-1016765",
                    "uuid": "fc3b0470-2369-3670-b0ab-aac3bf722ceb"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name (unclassified)"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (AAT)"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (unclassified)",
            "value": "thod-rnga"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (AAT)",
            "value": "rattle drum"
        }
    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Musical Instruments"
        }
    ],
    "facility": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "position 40"
            },
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "position 0"
                }
            ],
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2002,
                    "value": "2002-10-30",
                    "latest": 2002
                },
                "duration": "8187.79",
                "level5": "position 40",
                "level4": "Case B3 - Death and Remembrance",
                "current": "Y",
                "last": {
                    "level5": "00000B",
                    "location": "Horniman Musuem. Music Gallery. Performance space",
                    "level1": "FH",
                    "level3": "000016",
                    "level2": "1\/45"
                },
                "purpose": "Exhibition",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Davis, Barry"
                },
                "location": "HMG - Forest Hill",
                "level1": "Horniman Museum",
                "level3": "Side B - The Rhythm of Life",
                "level2": "Music Gallery"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-15476",
                "id": "facility-15476",
                "uuid": "28b0780b-9291-392e-9fd7-8ac5cf13d527"
            },
            "@entity": "reference",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Layout Space"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2002,
                    "value": "2002-09-12",
                    "latest": 2002
                },
                "duration": "29",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "level5": "00000B",
                    "level6": "000480",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level3": "000041",
                    "level2": "2\/3"
                },
                "purpose": "mount making",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Cort, Julia"
                },
                "location": "HMG - Forest Hill",
                "level1": "Michael Horniman Building",
                "level2": "Layout Space"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-12795",
                "id": "facility-12795",
                "uuid": "4069064f-2c3d-3e5a-821d-ba16a27de849"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Music Performance space"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2002,
                    "value": "2002-10-10",
                    "latest": 2002
                },
                "duration": "21",
                "level5": "00000B",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Michael Horniman Building",
                    "level1": "MH",
                    "level2": "0\/1"
                },
                "purpose": "Exhibition",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Edge, Julia"
                },
                "location": "Horniman Musuem. Music Gallery. Performance space",
                "level1": "FH",
                "level3": "000016",
                "level2": "1\/45"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-271",
                "id": "facility-271",
                "uuid": "7d04a097-f158-3738-92bb-4f403d86b6d8"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "HMG - North Greenwich"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 1999,
                    "value": "1999-10-27",
                    "latest": 1999
                },
                "duration": "1052",
                "level5": "000480",
                "level4": "shB",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Matthew, Lucy"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay41",
                "level2": "2\/3"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-550",
                "id": "facility-550",
                "uuid": "a6a2a6a8-0897-383a-b876-7caa8bdc0fea"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ]
}