{
    "summary": {
        "title": "turbah"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "6.12.65\/627",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "6.12.65\/627",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "N"
    },
    "projects": [
        "CollectionsPeopleStories"
    ],
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Rectangular clay prayer stone or mohr, made from the sacred earth of Karbala, with stamped decoration and an inscription in the centre. The inscriptions are the names of the Prophet Mo\u1e25ammad, his daughter F\u0101\u1e6demeh, his cousin and son-in-law \u02bfAl\u012b, and his grandsons Hassan and Hussain. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 [Allah, Mohammad, Ali, Fatemeh, Hassan, Hussein].",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "votive stone"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2005,
                    "value": "2005-04-12",
                    "latest": 2005,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "Rectangular clay prayer stone."
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "clay prayer stone, rectangular"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2013,
                    "value": "2013-05-22",
                    "latest": 2013,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2013,
                        "value": "2013-05-22",
                        "latest": 2013,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel",
                "source": "object"
            },
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Rectangular clay prayer stone with stamped decoration and an inscription in the centre."
        },
        {
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2014,
                        "value": "2014-11-26",
                        "latest": 2014,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Crowley, Tom; Atighi Moghaddam, Behnaz"
            },
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "This tablet is made from a mixture of clay and soil, it is called a turbah in Arabic (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) or a mohr in Persian (\u0645\u0647\u0631). Turbah are used by Shia Muslims during their daily prayers (Salat). The turbah is placed on the ground in front of the person praying who then leans forward and touches it with his or her head.\n\nThe act of prostration (Sajda) upon the earth\u2019s soil is of great significance in Muslim prayer. The use of turbah can be understood as an adaptation of this concept to prayer in places where the earth is covered with a floor. For Shia Muslims the most favoured soil is that of Karbala, the site of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali; however soil from anywhere may be used.\n\nThis example bears the names of the Prophet Mo\u1e25ammad, his daughter F\u0101\u1e6demeh, his cousin and son-in-law \u02bfAl\u012b, and his grandsons Hassan and Hussain. \n\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\nAllah, Mohammad, Ali, Fatemeh, Hassan, Hussein\n\nIt is very common to have these five names, which are known as the Panj-tan (The Five) in Persian, and also as Ahl al-Kisa or Al al-Aba in the wider Muslim world, depicted on prayer mohr and objects such as seals used for rings or pendants."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "It is very common to have these five names, which are known as the Panj-tan (The Five) in Persian, and also as Ahl al-Kisa or Al al-Aba in the wider Muslim world, depicted on prayer mohrs and objects such as seals used for rings and pendants. Note and trnslation by Behnaz Atighi Moghaddam. February 2015."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "the forehead rests on the turbah."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "During prostration in prayer by Shia Muslims the forehead rests on the turbah."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "during prostration in prayer by Shia Muslims"
        },
        {
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "the forehead rests on the turbah"
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "collection": "Anthropology",
    "type": {
        "sub_type": [
            "general"
        ],
        "scope": "WHOLE",
        "base": "object"
    },
    "multimedia": [
        {
            "processed": {
                "preview": {
                    "resizable": true,
                    "format": "jpeg",
                    "modified": 1377782901000,
                    "location": "245\/417\/preview_6_12_65_627__001_DS.jpg",
                    "type": "image",
                    "measurements": {
                        "filesize": {
                            "units": "bytes",
                            "value": 8771
                        },
                        "dimensions": [
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "height",
                                "value": 51
                            },
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "width",
                                "value": 76
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "feature": {
                    "resizable": true,
                    "format": "jpeg",
                    "modified": 1377782901000,
                    "location": "245\/417\/feature_6_12_65_627__001_DS.jpg",
                    "type": "image",
                    "measurements": {
                        "filesize": {
                            "units": "bytes",
                            "value": 25389
                        },
                        "dimensions": [
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "height",
                                "value": 343
                            },
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "width",
                                "value": 513
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "large": {
                    "resizable": true,
                    "format": "jpeg",
                    "modified": 1377782901000,
                    "location": "245\/417\/large_6_12_65_627__001_DS.jpg",
                    "type": "image",
                    "measurements": {
                        "filesize": {
                            "units": "bytes",
                            "value": 40544
                        },
                        "dimensions": [
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "height",
                                "value": 502
                            },
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "width",
                                "value": 750
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "mid": {
                    "resizable": true,
                    "format": "jpeg",
                    "modified": 1377782901000,
                    "location": "245\/417\/mid_6_12_65_627__001_DS.jpg",
                    "type": "image",
                    "measurements": {
                        "filesize": {
                            "units": "bytes",
                            "value": 10955
                        },
                        "dimensions": [
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "height",
                                "value": 114
                            },
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "width",
                                "value": 170
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "body": {
                    "resizable": true,
                    "format": "jpeg",
                    "modified": 1377782901000,
                    "location": "245\/417\/body_6_12_65_627__001_DS.jpg",
                    "type": "image",
                    "measurements": {
                        "filesize": {
                            "units": "bytes",
                            "value": 10967
                        },
                        "dimensions": [
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "height",
                                "value": 110
                            },
                            {
                                "units": "pixels",
                                "dimension": "width",
                                "value": 164
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                }
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "image of object"
                    }
                ],
                "portion": "whole",
                "attribution": {
                    "type": "general"
                }
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-media-245417",
                "id": "media-245417",
                "uuid": "12422af1-6121-3ba6-8cea-3998e627b390"
            },
            "legal": {
                "credit": "Horniman Museum and Gardens"
            },
            "title": [
                {
                    "type": "caption",
                    "value": "General view of whole of Horniman Museum object no 6.12.65\/627"
                }
            ],
            "type": "image",
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "@admin": {
        "processed": 1740160950783,
        "sequence": 7476449,
        "uid": "hmc-object-69607",
        "added": 1663961925982,
        "stream": "collections-online",
        "id": "object-69607",
        "source": "hmc",
        "uuid": "f405bb70-4df3-31ef-9cd2-cc087b9df02d"
    },
    "material": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "clay",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "Church Missionary Society"
                    },
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1965-12-06",
                            "latest": 1965
                        },
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "vendor"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 1965,
                                    "value": "1965-12-06",
                                    "latest": 1965,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
                        }
                    },
                    "@admin": {
                        "uid": "hmc-agent-623",
                        "id": "agent-623",
                        "uuid": "76fc4e06-4224-32fa-9c89-9890f50ac994"
                    },
                    "@entity": "reference"
                }
            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "legal": {
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "name": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "turbah",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "votive stones"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name"
                        }
                    ],
                    "variation": 118221
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-505905",
                    "id": "term-505905",
                    "uuid": "2b5779eb-f37f-33d2-ac46-0d923707bf27"
                },
                "historical": true,
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (local)"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "turbahs"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name"
                        }
                    ],
                    "attribution": {
                        "date": [
                            {
                                "earliest": 2014,
                                "value": "2014-11-26",
                                "latest": 2014,
                                "primary": true
                            }
                        ],
                        "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
                    },
                    "variation": 139529
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1019297",
                    "id": "term-1019297",
                    "uuid": "191b5568-3689-3adf-8ca1-e23ee433f7f2"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "type": "common name",
            "value": "clay prayer stone, rectangular"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)",
            "value": "votive stone"
        }
    ],
    "options": {
        "item_count": "1",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "Y",
        "system_count": "0",
        "flag2": "N",
        "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories",
        "flag1": "N",
        "number1": "1"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "inscription": [
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Crowley, Tom"
                }
            ],
            "details": [
                {
                    "transcription": "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646",
                    "translation": [
                        {
                            "value": "Allah, Mohammad, Ali, Fatemeh, Hassan, Hussein"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "language": [
                "Arabic"
            ],
            "location": "front",
            "type": "inscription"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "turbahs"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2014,
                            "value": "2014-11-26",
                            "latest": 2014,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
                }
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1019297",
                "id": "term-1019297",
                "uuid": "191b5568-3689-3adf-8ca1-e23ee433f7f2"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "votive stones"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-505905",
                "id": "term-505905",
                "uuid": "2b5779eb-f37f-33d2-ac46-0d923707bf27"
            },
            "historical": true,
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography"
        }
    ],
    "physical": [
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "clay",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "clay"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1015531",
                    "id": "term-1015531",
                    "uuid": "b371b47a-07d6-3207-8dda-27de65bef0b5"
                },
                "sort": 1,
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "material"
        }
    ],
    "facility": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "shV"
            },
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Location automatically updated from SCC; 3\/0; 000057; ; 00000V; 000001 as part of rationalisation of SCC locations, Rupert Shepherd,  2012-06-30."
                }
            ],
            "@link": {
                "container": "Box15648",
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2005,
                    "value": "2005-04-12",
                    "latest": 2005
                },
                "level4": "shV",
                "current": "Y",
                "last": {
                    "level5": "00000V",
                    "level6": "000001",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level3": "000057",
                    "level2": "3\/0"
                },
                "purpose": "Regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Stribblehill, Julia"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay57",
                "level2": "3\/0"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-6263",
                "id": "facility-6263",
                "uuid": "aa7a0690-455f-36b1-8104-f79c78b2fb33"
            },
            "@entity": "reference",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "HMG - North Greenwich"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 1998,
                    "value": "1998-11-11",
                    "latest": 1998
                },
                "level5": "000001",
                "level4": "shV",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Perkins, Rachel"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay57",
                "level2": "3\/0"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-550",
                "id": "facility-550",
                "uuid": "a6a2a6a8-0897-383a-b876-7caa8bdc0fea"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "creation": {
        "date": [
            {
                "source": "catalogue",
                "earliest": 1801,
                "value": "late 19th or early 20th century",
                "latest": 1900
            },
            {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "date made"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2017,
                            "value": "2017-05-16",
                            "latest": 2017,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Kerlogue, Fiona"
                },
                "earliest": 1901,
                "value": "late 19th or early 20th century",
                "latest": 2000
            }
        ],
        "place": [
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Iran"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "made or collected"
                        }
                    ],
                    "attribution": {
                        "date": [
                            {
                                "earliest": 2013,
                                "value": "2013-05-22",
                                "latest": 2013,
                                "primary": true
                            }
                        ],
                        "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel",
                        "source": "object labels"
                    },
                    "locale": "Kerbala"
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-place-210",
                    "id": "place-210",
                    "uuid": "37a4c8e3-0436-3378-a95f-153273287f27"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Iran, West Asia, Asia"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "source": "catalogue"
                },
                "name": [
                    {
                        "value": "Iran, West Asia, Asia"
                    }
                ],
                "@entity": "literal"
            }
        ]
    },
    "measurements": {
        "count": "1"
    }
}