{
    "summary": {
        "title": "turbah"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "6.12.65\/628",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "6.12.65\/628",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "source": "Lab book database",
            "type": "Horniman laboratory number",
            "value": "1285"
        },
        {
            "type": "Horniman laboratory number",
            "value": "1285"
        },
        {
            "type": "old 1-3 code",
            "value": "23;g;"
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "N"
    },
    "projects": [
        "CollectionsPeopleStories"
    ],
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Rectangular clay turbah tablet made from the sacred earth of Karbala, with stamped decoration and an inscription in the centre.",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "clay prayer stone, rectangular"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 1999,
                    "value": "1999-02-14",
                    "latest": 1999,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "historical": true,
            "source": "Horniman Museum. Conservation Section",
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "ARAB AMULET"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2000,
                    "value": "22-Jan-00",
                    "latest": 2000,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "type": "object description",
            "value": "votive stone"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2013,
                    "value": "2013-05-22",
                    "latest": 2013,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2013,
                        "value": "2013-05-22",
                        "latest": 2013,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel",
                "source": "object"
            },
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Rectangular clay prayer stone with stamped decoration and an inscription in the centre."
        },
        {
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2014,
                        "value": "2014-08-11",
                        "latest": 2014,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
            },
            "type": "description",
            "value": "This tablet is made from a mixture of clay and soil, it is called a turbah in Arabic (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) or a mohr in Persian (\u0645\u0647\u0631). Turbah are used by Shia Muslims during their daily prayers (Salat). The turbah is placed on the ground in front of the person praying who then leans forward and touches it with his or her head.\n\nThe act of prostration (Sajda) upon the earth\u2019s soil bears great significance in Muslim prayer. The use of turbah can be understood as an adaptation of this concept to prayer in places where the earth is covered with a floor. For Shia Muslims the most favoured soil is that of Karbala, the site of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali; however soil from anywhere may be used."
        },
        {
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2014,
                        "value": "2014-11-26",
                        "latest": 2014,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
            },
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "This tablet is made from a mixture of clay and soil, it is called a turbah in Arabic (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) or a mohr in Persian (\u0645\u0647\u0631). Turbah are used by Shia Muslims during their daily prayers (Salat). The turbah is placed on the ground in front of the person praying who then leans forward and touches it with his or her head.\n\nThe act of prostration (Sajda) upon the earth\u2019s soil is of great significance in Muslim prayer. The use of turbah can be understood as an adaptation of this concept to prayer in places where the earth is covered with a floor. For Shia Muslims the most favoured soil is that of Karbala, the site of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali; however soil from anywhere may be used."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "during prostration in prayer by Shia Muslims"
        },
        {
            "type": "commentary",
            "value": "the forehead rests on the turbah"
        },
        {
            "type": "use",
            "value": "during prostration in prayer by Shia Muslims; the forehead rests on the turbah"
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "collection": "Anthropology",
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            "general"
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        "scope": "WHOLE",
        "base": "object"
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                "credit": "Horniman Museum and Gardens"
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                {
                    "type": "caption",
                    "value": "General view of whole of Horniman Museum object no 6.12.65\/628"
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    "material": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "clay",
            "primary": true
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    ],
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "Church Missionary Society"
                    },
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1965-12-06",
                            "latest": 1965
                        },
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "vendor"
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                                    "earliest": 1965,
                                    "value": "1965-12-06",
                                    "latest": 1965,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
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                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
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                    "@entity": "reference"
                }
            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
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    ],
    "legal": {
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "name": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "turbah",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (local)"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "votive stones"
                },
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                            "value": "object name"
                        }
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                "historical": true,
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "turbahs"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name"
                        }
                    ],
                    "attribution": {
                        "date": [
                            {
                                "earliest": 2014,
                                "value": "2014-11-26",
                                "latest": 2014,
                                "primary": true
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                        ],
                        "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
                    },
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                    "uuid": "191b5568-3689-3adf-8ca1-e23ee433f7f2"
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                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)",
            "value": "votive stone"
        },
        {
            "type": "common name",
            "value": "clay prayer stone, rectangular"
        }
    ],
    "options": {
        "item_count": "1",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "Y",
        "system_count": "0",
        "flag2": "N",
        "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories",
        "flag1": "N",
        "number1": "1"
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    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "inscription": [
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Jennings, Rachel"
                }
            ],
            "location": "front",
            "type": "inscription"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "turbahs"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
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    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography"
        }
    ],
    "physical": [
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "stone",
            "descriptor": "prior material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "stone"
                },
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        {
            "note": "Jennings, Rachel; 2013-05-22.",
            "component": "overall",
            "term": "clay",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "clay"
                },
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    "facility": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "shV"
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            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Location automatically updated from SCC; 3\/0; 000057; ; 00000V; 000001 as part of rationalisation of SCC locations, Rupert Shepherd,  2012-06-30."
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            ],
            "@link": {
                "container": "Box15648",
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 1998,
                    "value": "1998-11-11",
                    "latest": 1998
                },
                "level4": "shV",
                "current": "Y",
                "purpose": "Regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Perkins, Rachel"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "level3": "bay57",
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                "title": "HMG - North Greenwich"
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                    "earliest": 1994,
                    "value": "1994-05-04",
                    "latest": 1994
                },
                "level5": "000005",
                "level4": "shW",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
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                "value": "late 19th or early 20th century",
                "latest": 1900
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                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "date made"
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                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2017,
                            "value": "2017-05-16",
                            "latest": 2017,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Kerlogue, Fiona"
                },
                "earliest": 1901,
                "value": "late 19th or early 20th century",
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            }
        ],
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                "summary": {
                    "title": "Iran"
                },
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                    "role": [
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                                "value": "2013-05-22",
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                        "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel",
                        "source": "object labels"
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                    "title": "Iran, West Asia, Asia"
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                        "value": "Iran, West Asia, Asia"
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}