{
    "summary": {
        "title": "seal (writing & printing)"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "8.10.66\/14",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "8.10.66\/14",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "These seals were used by illiterate people - frequently by merchants - and when a deal was consummated, each party handed over his seal to the other who, after wetting the document to be sealed, pressed the seal upon the ink pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document.\n\nBehnaz Atighi Moghddam who translated the seals for us and who works in the Asia Department at the V&A wrote the following (2014-04-10) \"None of my colleagues agree with Major Jackson's comment regarding the seals being used by illiterate people. However, it is true that some seals would have been used in business transactions. Seals were most often worn for the protective properties provided by the texts engraved on them.\"\n\nThere should be 32 seals. SMahood 2012-10-01"
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "Y"
    },
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Collection of seals made of cornelian, glass and brass, finely engraved in Arabic script. Some of the brass ones are backed with bitumen, indicating the method by which they were held in the mountings. Since these mounts were often precious, they have probably been removed for melting down. \"These seals were... frequently used by merchants  and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other who after wetting the document to be sealed with his wet thumb, pressed the seal upon the ink-pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document.' Seals are of various shapes: square, round, oval and triangular. From 0.4\" x 0.45\" to 0.9 x 0.6\".",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "source": "Catalogue card",
            "type": "original description",
            "value": "Collection of seals made of cornelian, glass and brass, finely engraved in Arabic script. Some of the brass ones are backed with bitumen, indicating the method by which they were held in the mountings. Since these mounts were often precious, they have probably been removed for melting down. \"These seals were used by illiterate people (frequently by merchants) and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other who after wetting the document to be sealed with his wet thumb, pressed the seal upon the ink-pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document.' Seals are of various shapes: square, round, oval and triangular. From 0.4\" x 0.45\" to 0.9 x 0.6\"."
        },
        {
            "type": "use",
            "value": "These seals were used by illiterate people, frequently by merchants, and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other, who, after wetting the document to be sealed with his wet thumb, pressed the seal upon the ink-pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document."
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "collection": "Anthropology",
    "type": {
        "sub_type": [
            "general"
        ],
        "scope": "TOP",
        "base": "object"
    },
    "arrangement": {
        "other_finding_aids": "HMG - North Greenwich; Study Collections Centre; 3\/0; bay35; shZK; Box10180 AND HMG - North Greenwich; Study Collections Centre; 3\/0; bay35; shZR; Box14816"
    },
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                "portion": "whole",
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            "legal": {
                "credit": "Horniman Museum and Gardens"
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            "title": [
                {
                    "type": "caption",
                    "value": "Image of label of whole of Horniman Museum object no 8.10.66\/14"
                }
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            "type": "image",
            "@entity": "reference"
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    "material": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "glass;brass;",
            "primary": true
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    ],
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "Horniman Museum and Gardens"
                    },
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                    "@entity": "reference"
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                {
                    "summary": {
                        "title": "Jackson, R"
                    },
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1966-10-08",
                            "latest": 1966
                        },
                        "role": [
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                                "value": "donor"
                            }
                        ],
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                            "date": [
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                                    "earliest": 1966,
                                    "value": "1966-10-08",
                                    "latest": 1966,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
                        }
                    },
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                        "id": "agent-4633",
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            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
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    ],
    "publication": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Ornament and Amulet. Rings of the Islamic Lands. The Nasser D Khalili Collection of Islamic Art"
            },
            "@link": {
                "pages": "158-159",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "discusses similar"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2014,
                            "value": "2014-04-14",
                            "latest": 2014,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Crowley, Tom"
                },
                "illustration": "Y"
            },
            "@admin": {
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                "id": "publication-946",
                "uuid": "237f3cdc-d95a-3a13-992a-f9a0dd90eb80"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "legal": {
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "name": [
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            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "seal (writing & printing)",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "seals (writing & printing)"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
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                        }
                    ],
                    "variation": 114323
                },
                "@admin": {
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                "@entity": "reference"
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            "type": "object name"
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        {
            "type": "object name (local)"
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            "type": "object name (unclassified)",
            "value": "seal (writing & printing)"
        },
        {
            "value": "seal"
        }
    ],
    "options": {
        "item_count": "31",
        "option7": "Jackson Collection",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "N",
        "system_count": "31",
        "flag2": "N",
        "flag1": "N"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "seals (writing & printing)"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
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            "@admin": {
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    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography"
        }
    ],
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        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "see part records"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2017,
                    "value": "2017-07-26",
                    "latest": 2017
                },
                "current": "Y",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Elsden, Esme"
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                "summary": {
                    "title": "Iran"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
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}