{ "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "Not possible to mark, because it will be obviously visible when the object is put on display. It has been photographed, measured, and weighed, to help ensure that it is identifiable. Jennings, Rachel; 2016-09-07.\n\nThese seals were used by illiterate people - frequently by merchants - and when a deal was consummated, each party handed over his seal to the other who, after wetting the document to be sealed, pressed the seal upon the ink pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document.\n\nBehnaz Atighi Moghddam who translated the seals for us and who works in the Asia Department at the V&A wrote the following (2014-04-10) \"None of my colleagues agree with Major Jackson's comment regarding the seals being used by illiterate people. However, it is true that some seals would have been used in business transactions. Seals were most often worn for the protective properties provided by the texts engraved on them.\"" } ], "parent": [ { "@link": { "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "seal (writing & printing)", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-object-105493", "id": "object-105493", "uuid": "d971b620-348e-31ce-af19-51569cbc0716" } } ], "loan": { "value": "Y" }, "projects": [ "CollectionsPeopleStories" ], "admin": { "processed": 1745604144973, "sequence": 7405846, "uid": "hmc-object-132396", "added": 1663961572653, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-132396", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "bb14489b-3de4-36d4-9470-bf6275035511" }, "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Oval seal made of clear glass, with a finely engraved inscription in Arabic on one side. The other side is plain, and slightly concave in shape.", "primary": true }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-19", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-19", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object" }, "sort": "01", "type": "description", "value": "Oval seal made of clear glass, with a finely engraved inscription in Arabic on one side. The other side is plain, and slightly concave in shape." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Crowley, Tom" }, "sort": "02", "type": "commentary (online)", "value": "Seal to be mounted on a ring, Iran.\n\nMajor R. Jackson who donated this ring seal to the Horniman Museum gives the following account of how it would have been used:\n\n\u201c[Such seals were used] frequently by merchants and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other who, after wetting the document to be sealed with his licked thumb, pressed the seal upon an ink pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document!\u201d\n\nHowever, this seal served more than just an economic purpose. As with many Islamic rings our seal is amuletic, beseeching Imam Hossein's help in the owner's favour. \n\nThe inscription reads, \"Ya Imam Hossein\" or, \"O Imam Hossein\".\n\n\nProbably glass. Formerly in the collection of Major R. Jackson. Donated to the Horniman Museum in 1966." }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2004, "value": "2004-12-06", "latest": 2004, "primary": true } ], "note": [ { "value": "Description from note stored with seals, written by the donor." } ], "historical": true, "type": "object description", "value": "Collection of seals made of cornelian, glass and brass, finely engraved in Arabic script. Some of the brass ones are backed with bitumen, indicating the method by which they were held in the mountings. Since these mounts were often precious, they have probably been removed for melting down. \"These seals were used by illiterate people (frequently by merchants) and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other who after wetting the document to be sealed with his wet thumb, pressed the seal upon the ink-pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document.' Seals are of various shapes: square, round, oval and triangular. From 0.4\" x 0.45\" to 0.9 x 0.6\"." }, { "type": "use", "value": "These seals were used by illiterate people, frequently by merchants, and when a deal was consummated each party handed over his seal to the other, who, after wetting the document to be sealed with his wet thumb, pressed the seal upon the ink-pad and then reproduced it on the moistened document." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "PART", "base": "object" }, "lifecycle": { "creation": [ { "date": [ { "source": "catalogue", "earliest": 1801, "value": "late 19th or early 20th century", "latest": 1900 }, { "role": [ { "value": "date made" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2017, "value": "2017-05-16", "latest": 2017, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Kerlogue, Fiona" }, "earliest": 1901, "value": "late 19th or early 20th century", "latest": 2000 } ], "places": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Persia", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-1434", "id": "place-1434", "uuid": "3bebd53d-c4eb-3983-a252-23fb08b92891" }, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Iran", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-210", "id": "place-210", "uuid": "37a4c8e3-0436-3378-a95f-153273287f27" }, "sort": "02" }, { "@link": { "source": "catalogue", "type": "literal" }, "summary_title": "Persia, West Asia, Asia; Iran, West Asia, Asia", "name": [ { "value": "Persia, West Asia, Asia; Iran, West Asia, Asia" } ] } ] } ] }, "physicalDescriptors": [ { "component": "overall", "terms": "glass", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "glass", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015553", "id": "term-1015553", "uuid": "163ec07c-7918-3f27-9f8f-7da03b266cad" }, "sort": 1 }, "type": "material" } ], "terms": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "seals (writing & printing)", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-502908", "id": "term-502908", "uuid": "d0f420c9-7599-39f3-a574-2e91446be81c" } } ], "summary_title": "seal (writing & printing)", "legal": { "status": "permanent collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "flag4": "N", "flag3": "N", "flag2": "N", "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories", "flag1": "N" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "inscription": [ { "note": [ { "value": "Translation by Behnaz Atighi Moghaddam. April 2014." } ], "details": [ { "transcription": "\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646", "translation": [ { "value": "O Imam Hossein" } ], "transliteration": "Ya Imam Hossein" } ], "language": [ "Arabic; Persian" ], "location": "front", "type": "inscription" } ], "categories": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography" } ], "measurements": { "display": "overall: 1.3 g", "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-07-20", "latest": 2016, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object", "type": "display" }, "count": "1", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 1.3 g; overall: 18 mm x 14 mm x 3 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "1\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "3" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "11\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "18" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "9\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "14" }, { "units": "g", "dimension": "weight", "value": "1.3" }, { "units": "oz", "dimension": "weight", "value": "0.04586" } ] }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "8.10.66\/14xxx", "type": "accession number", "value": "8.10.66\/14xxx", "primary": true } ], "collection": "Anthropology", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2017, "value": "2017-01-20", "latest": 2017 }, "examiner": "Weatherall, Rachel", "value": "1: good" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1470828396216, "location": "502\/741\/preview_8_10_66_14xxx__002_DS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 7145 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 37 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 76 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1470828396216, 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