{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-08-10", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "FCOPE", "instruction": "red", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "Gift from ILEA in 1991." } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Africa" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "learning subject" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-25", "id": "subject-25", "uuid": "c8725caa-6d4d-36f1-a65c-df29f5f3cbb4" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "War- and Peace-making" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "theme" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-08-10", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-325", "id": "subject-325", "uuid": "618f2ab9-bef2-32bb-9f4e-c60d6bf67b85" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "A traditional Zulu story" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "related subject" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-314", "id": "subject-314", "uuid": "8861923d-eba5-3506-8eb5-ef4ff8103ac5" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Love token. White and blue beads strung to form triangles that interlock to create a rectangle shape. White, dark blue, and red beaded tassling at the bottom. Safety pin at the top of the object to allow it to be fastened to clothes.", "primary": true }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "Introduced first by the Arab traders sailing down the east coast, beads were exchanged for ivory and other precious things. This is an indication of how highly they were prized. The earliest beaded jewellery was made from large red beads manufactured in Holland and dates from around 1850. Although Venetian glass beads were also imported, the major influence on bead work in the region came from the importation of less expensive tiny, coloured glass beads from Czechoslovakia about 100 years ago. These beads had pre-drilled centre holes so that they could be easily strung on thread and came in a wide variety of colours. The majority of beadwork is still hand made by women on small bead looms, and less expensive plastic beads are sometimes used. By tradition, girls learnt their bead making skills from their elder sisters and female relatives." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "White and blue beads sewn into a rectangle with safety pin in top and tassels of beads at bottom. Gift from ILEA in 1991." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "White and blue beads sewn into a rectangle with safety pin in top and tassels of beads at bottom. Gift from ILEA in 1991.\n\nWEBSITES: http:\/\/www.edunetconnect.com\/cat\/soccult\/afrval.html Explains the symbolism of shape and colours in Zulu beadwork." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "White and blue beads sewn into a rectangle with safety pin in top and tassels of beads at bottom. Gift from ILEA in 1991.\n\nWEBSITES: http:\/\/www.edunetconnect.com\/cat\/soccult\/afrval.html Explains the symbolism of shape and colours in Zulu beadwork.\n http:\/\/www.marques.co.za\/clients\/zulu\/bead.htm More detailed explanation of Zulu beadwork" }, { "type": "description", "value": "White and blue beads sewn into a rectangle with safety pin in top and tassels of beads at bottom. Gift from ILEA in 1991.\nBOOKS\/NOTES: Fisher, A. (1984) 'Africa Adorned' Collins ISBN 0 002166224 in Horniman Library\nWEBSITES: http:\/\/www.edunetconnect.com\/cat\/soccult\/afrval.html Explains the symbolism of shape and colours in Zulu beadwork.\n http:\/\/www.marques.co.za\/clients\/zulu\/bead.htm More detailed explanation of Zulu beadwork" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Given as love tokens, the shapes and colours have hidden meanings." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Zulu beadwork is used to convey messages between men and women about their availability for courtship and marriage, and as tokens of their love for each other." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "How is it used? \nAlways made by women and mainly worn by women, the shapes and colours used tell whether women are single, promised in marriage or already married. It can also reveal whether a woman has children or unmarried sisters and even where the family comes from. Beadwork is sometimes given to men by women as love tokens and worn by men to show their commitment to a woman. \n\nWho is it used by and why them? \nWorn mainly by women as a head or neck band to give information about themselves. In the traditional Zulu lifestyle all adults aspired to be married and marriage gave them seniority over the unmarried. The hidden messages in beadwork made it easier for unmarried women to advertise their availability and for any embarrassing misunderstandings to be avoided. It also allowed a woman to express her love for a man by making a beaded love token for him." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Bead work is common throughout East and Southern Africa and the style varies from one culture to another. It is usually carried out by women, perhaps because their smaller hands are more nimble for the delicate work. However, it is a relatively modern practice since beads first arrived in Africa as items of trade. The peoples of East and Southern Africa used these colours to reflect their traditional beliefs and legends. Before the arrival of beads coloured natural materials such as seeds were already being used to reflect beliefs. \nThe Zulu people lived in the region now known as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and developed a tradition of beadwork that served an important social purpose. The colours and shapes in the beadwork worn showed whether the wearer was available for marriage, already promised in marriage, already married, how many children they had or information about their family, including where they came from. Although the traditional use of these beads is less widespread nowadays, they are still popular. Women usually wear beadwork as a head or neck band. Men relied on female relatives to explain the meanings to them Examples such as this pin are often made and sold to tourists with a simple explanation of their meanings. \nThe Shape \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe triangle represents the family, the corners are the husband, wife and child. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA single triangle with the point facing down is the sign for an unmarried man. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA triangle with the point upwards is the sign for an unmarried woman. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married man is two triangles joined by their points like an hourglass. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married is woman is two triangles joined at the base like a diamond. \n \nThe Colours \nSeven different colours are used but their meaning changes depending on which colours are placed next to them. So each colour has a positive and a negative meaning. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlack - marriage and birth or sorrow and death. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlue - faithfulness and a request or hostility. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tYellow \u00e2\u20ac\u201c A garden and fertility or thirst and withering. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tGreen - contentment or discord. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tPink \u00e2\u20ac\u201c status or a promise or poverty and laziness. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tRed \u00e2\u20ac\u201c physical love and strong feelings or anger and impatience. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tWhite \u00e2\u20ac\u201c love, purity and virginity or no negative meaning. \n \nWhen white is used next to any colour it always gives it the positive meaning, so according to the above this pin seems to represent a request for faithfulness (blue and white) to a married man (2 triangles joined point to point)." }, { "type": "use", "value": "Zulu beadwork is used to convey messages between men and women about their availability for courtship and marriage and as tokens of their love for each other. \n \nHow is it used? \nAlways made by women and mainly worn by women, the shapes and colours used tell whether women are single, promised in marriage or already married. It can also reveal whether a woman has children or unmarried sisters and even where the family comes from. Beadwork is sometimes given to men by women as love tokens and worn by men to show their commitment to a woman. \n \nWho is it used by and why them? \nWorn mainly by women as a head or neck band to give information about themselves. \nIn the traditional Zulu lifestyle all adults aspired to be married and marriage gave them seniority over the unmarried. The hidden messages in beadwork made it easier for unmarried women to advertise their availability and for any embarrassing misunderstandings to be avoided. It also allowed a woman to express her love for a man by making a beaded love token for him. \n \nBead work is common throughout East and Southern Africa and the style varies from one culture to another. It is usually carried out by women, perhaps because their smaller hands are more nimble for the delicate work. However, it is a relatively modern practice since beads first arrived in Africa as items of trade. The peoples of East and Southern Africa used these colours to reflect their traditional beliefs and legends. Before the arrival of beads coloured natural materials such as seeds were already being used to reflect beliefs. \nThe Zulu people lived in the region now known as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and developed a tradition of beadwork that served an important social purpose. The colours and shapes in the beadwork worn showed whether the wearer was available for marriage, already promised in marriage, already married, how many children they had or information about their family, including where they came from. Although the traditional use of these beads is less widespread nowadays, they are still popular. Women usually wear beadwork as a head or neck band. Men relied on female relatives to explain the meanings to them Examples such as this pin are often made and sold to tourists with a simple explanation of their meanings. \nThe Shape \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe triangle represents the family, the corners are the husband, wife and child. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA single triangle with the point facing down is the sign for an unmarried man. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA triangle with the point upwards is the sign for an unmarried woman. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married man is two triangles joined by their points like an hourglass. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married is woman is two triangles joined at the base like a diamond. \n \nThe Colours \nSeven different colours are used but their meaning changes depending on which colours are placed next to them. So each colour has a positive and a negative meaning. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlack - marriage and birth or sorrow and death. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlue - faithfulness and a request or hostility. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tYellow \u00e2\u20ac\u201c A garden and fertility or thirst and withering. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tGreen - contentment or discord. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tPink \u00e2\u20ac\u201c status or a promise or poverty and laziness. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tRed \u00e2\u20ac\u201c physical love and strong feelings or anger and impatience. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tWhite \u00e2\u20ac\u201c love, purity and virginity or no negative meaning. \n \nWhen white is used next to any colour it always gives it the positive meaning, so according to the above this pin seems to represent a request for faithfulness (blue and white) to a married man (2 triangles joined point to point)." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Maycock, Lucy" }, "type": "description", "value": "Love token. White and blue beads strung to form triangles that interlock to create a rectangle shape. White, dark blue, and red beaded tassling at the bottom. Safety pin at the top of the object to allow it to be fastened to clothes." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "White and blue beads sewn into a rectangle with safety pin in top and tassels of beads at bottom." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "display title" }, { "type": "display title", "value": "African valentine" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Given as love tokens, the shapes and colours have hidden meanings." } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "option7": "Anthropology", "option5": "Textiles (fabric)", "use": "Zulu beadwork is used to convey messages between men and women about their availability for courtship and marriage, and as tokens of their love for each other. Always made by women and mainly worn by women, the shapes and colours used tell whether women are single, promised in marriage or already married. It can also reveal whether a woman has children or unmarried sisters and even where the family comes from. Beadwork is sometimes given to men by women as love tokens and worn by men to show their commitment to a woman. \nWorn mainly by women as a head or neck band to give information about themselves. In the traditional Zulu lifestyle all adults aspired to be married and marriage gave them seniority over the unmarried. The hidden messages in beadwork made it easier for unmarried women to advertise their availability and for any embarrassing misunderstandings to be avoided. It also allowed a woman to express her love for a man by making a beaded love token for him.\n\nBead work is common throughout East and Southern Africa and the style varies from one culture to another. It is usually carried out by women, perhaps because their smaller hands are more nimble for the delicate work. However, it is a relatively modern practice since beads first arrived in Africa as items of trade. The peoples of East and Southern Africa used these colours to reflect their traditional beliefs and legends. Before the arrival of beads coloured natural materials such as seeds were already being used to reflect beliefs. \nThe Zulu people lived in the region now known as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and developed a tradition of beadwork that served an important social purpose. The colours and shapes in the beadwork worn showed whether the wearer was available for marriage, already promised in marriage, already married, how many children they had or information about their family, including where they came from. Although the traditional use of these beads is less widespread nowadays, they are still popular. Women usually wear beadwork as a head or neck band. Men relied on female relatives to explain the meanings to them Examples such as this pin are often made and sold to tourists with a simple explanation of their meanings. \nThe Shape \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe triangle represents the family, the corners are the husband, wife and child. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA single triangle with the point facing down is the sign for an unmarried man. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tA triangle with the point upwards is the sign for an unmarried woman. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married man is two triangles joined by their points like an hourglass. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tThe sign for a married is woman is two triangles joined at the base like a diamond. \n \nThe Colours \nSeven different colours are used but their meaning changes depending on which colours are placed next to them. So each colour has a positive and a negative meaning. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlack - marriage and birth or sorrow and death. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tBlue - faithfulness and a request or hostility. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tYellow \u00e2\u20ac\u201c A garden and fertility or thirst and withering. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tGreen - contentment or discord. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tPink \u00e2\u20ac\u201c status or a promise or poverty and laziness. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tRed \u00e2\u20ac\u201c physical love and strong feelings or anger and impatience. \n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2\tWhite \u00e2\u20ac\u201c love, purity and virginity or no negative meaning. \n \nWhen white is used next to any colour it always gives it the positive meaning, so according to the above this pin seems to represent a request for faithfulness (blue and white) to a married man (2 triangles joined point to point).", "flag4": "N", "option6": "Fisher, A. (1984) 'Africa Adorned' Collins ISBN 0 002166224.; \nhttp:\/\/www.edunetconnect.com\/cat\/soccult\/afrval.html; Explains the symbolism of shape and colours in Zulu beadwork. \nhttp:\/\/www.marques.co.za\/clients\/zulu\/bead.htm", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "Y", "option1": "Zulu people used these coloured beads to send hidden messages to each other. In particular Zulu women used them to show if they were married or not. \n\nWhere you live, how do people do this? Is it possible to know by looking at someone if they are married or not? \n\nIn some countries, people might wear wedding rings. \n\nIf you live somewhere where people still wear traditional dress, it might tell you quite a lot about them, even a certain style of hat might tell you where they are from. However more and more people around the world are now wearing very similar clothes: jeans, trainers, T shirts and trainers are found almost everywhere. These are very anonymous and tell you nothing about the person. \n\nPerhaps it is no longer important to know where people are from, if they are single or if they have children? Or is it just easier now to speak to people and ask them directly about themselves? What is it like where you live?", "option2": "Introduced first by the by Arab traders sailing down the east coast, beads were exchanged for Ivory and other precious things. This is an indication of how highly they were prized. The earliest beaded jewellery was made from large red beads manufactured in Holland and dates from around 1850. Although Venetian glass beads were also imported, the major influence on bead work in the region came from the importation of less expensive tiny, coloured glass beads from Czechoslovakia about 100 years ago. These beads had pre-drilled centre holes so they could be easily strung on thread and came in a wide variety of colours. The majority of beadwork is still hand made by women on small bead looms, less expensive plastic beads are sometimes used. 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