{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-08-12", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "IROONEY", "instruction": "amber", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "{RELATEDOBJS: Music Gallery (name of 1st showcase?)- Nigerian talking drums and video film of drumming and dancing during a Yoruban naming ceremony? Check.}" } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Music" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-46", "id": "subject-46", "uuid": "8e751554-9990-3f09-a696-01b6fc7ff25f" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Talking drum and beater.", "primary": true }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Talking drum and beater." }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "Drum making is traditionally a male craft which requires a lot of skill. The body of the drum is carved from a single piece of wood and is hollowed out to act as a resonator. Goatskin is often used for the membrane as it is easily available and long lasting. The tension strings are made from leather. The beater is bent into shape when the wood is young, moist and flexible by tying the head of the beater to a wider handled end with a very tight string. The string is removed when the wood is dry and permanently bent into shape. Drums can be decorated with bells, tassels and other things." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Talking drum and beater.\n{RELATEDOBJS: Music Gallery (name of 1st showcase?)\u2013 Nigerian talking drums and video film of drumming and dancing during a Yoruban naming ceremony? Check.}\n{WHYtoLATIN\/LOCALCHILDFIELDisover500maxchars: Gun gun or dung dung (dun dun) is its name in the Yoruba language of Nigeria. It is known as a Dondo in the Akan language of Ghana.\nIn 1914 E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs developed a way of grouping musical instruments together to make them easier to study. This system of classification had four main groups; idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones. \nLike most membranophones, talking drums are instruments where the sound is made by hitting a membrane or skin which is stretched across a frame and vibrates.}" }, { "type": "description", "value": "Talking drum and beater.\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Music Gallery (name of 1st showcase?)\u2013 Nigerian talking drums and video film of drumming and dancing during a Yoruban naming ceremony? Check.}" }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "The drum is held horizontally in the arm-pit. Pressing with the elbow at its waist and squeezing the tension laces with the fingers will tighten the skin of the drumhead. The other hand holds the 'J' shaped beater which is tapped on the skin." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "This is a double headed drum with a skin at either end of the hour glass shaped body of the drum. The two skins are connected by the leather tension strings so when the strings are squeezed, the skins are tightened and become thinner. When the skin is struck with the beater, a tight, thin skin will produce a higher pitched note than a loose, thicker skin. By squeezing and releasing the strings, the player can produce a range of notes that can mimic the intonation of human speech.\n\nIn the past this type of drum was used to send messages from one village to another, (sometimes called the bush telegraph). Traditionally it was used by drummers, always men, to announce the arrival of important people, visitors, the start of a ceremony etc. However it has also been used in dance performances to provide rhythms." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "In some countries, the drum is given a special name drawn from a popular saying or proverb. To send a talking drum message, the drummer would first beat out the drum name that he was sending the message to, followed by the message and his own drum name." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Talking drum and beater." }, { "type": "use", "value": "The drum is held horizontally in the arm-pit. Pressing with the elbow at its waist and squeezing the tension laces with the fingers will tighten the skin of the drumhead. \nThe other hand holds the \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcJ\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 shaped drumstick which is tapped on the skin. \nThis is a double headed drum with a skin at either end of the hour glass shaped body of the drum. The two skins are connected by the leather tension strings so when the strings are squeezed the skins are tightened and become thinner. When the skin is struck with the beater a tight, thin skin will produce a higher pitched note than a loose, thicker skin. By squeezing and releasing the strings the player can produce a range of notes that can mimic the intonation of human speech. In the past this type of drum was used to send messages from one village to another, (sometimes called the bush telegraph). \n \nTraditionally used by drummers, always men, to announce the arrival of important people, visitors, the start of a ceremony etc. As well as sending messages. Also used in dance performances to provide rhythms. \nIn some countries the drum is given a special name drawn from a popular saying or proverb. To send a talking drum message, the drummer would first beat out the drum name that he was sending to followed by the message and his own drum name." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "gun-gun, dung-dung, dondo, membranophone", "primary": true }, { "type": "classified as" }, { "type": "display title", "value": "gun-gun, dung-dung, dondo, membranophone" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Gun-gun or dung-dung (dun-dun) is its name in the Yoruba language of Nigeria. It is known as a dondo in the Akan language of Ghana. It has many other names across West Africa. Like most membranophones, talking drums are instruments where the sound is made by hitting a membrane or skin which is stretched across a frame and vibrates." } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "TOP", "base": "object" }, "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "option7": "Musical Instruments", "option5": "Musical instruments: drums", "use": "The talking drum is held horizontally in the arm-pit. Pressing with the elbow at the waist of the drum and squeezing the tension laces with the fingers will tighten the skin of the drumhead.\nThe other hand holds the \u2018J\u2019 shaped beater which is tapped on the skin.The Talking Drum is a double headed drum with a skin at either end of the hour glass shaped body of the drum. The two skins are connected by the tension strings so when the strings are squeezed the skins are tightened and become thinner. When the skin is struck with the beater a tight, thin skin will produce a higher pitched note than a loose, thicker skin. By squeezing and releasing the strings the player can produce a range of notes that can mimic the intonation of human speech. In the past this type of drum was used to send messages from one village to another, (sometimes called the bush telegraph).\n\nTraditionally used by drummers, always men, to announce the arrival of important people, visitors, the start of a ceremony etc. As well as sending messages. Also used in dance performances to provide rhythms.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "http:\/\/www.nigeriandatabank.org; \nhttp:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/radio3\/world\/onyourstreet\/msben3.shtml; \nhttp:\/\/www.si.umich.edu\/chico\/instrument\/pages\/tlkdrum_gnrl.html", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "2", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "N", "option1": "Talking drums were once commonly used to send messages from one village to another in West Africa. Only people speaking the same language could understand the message so it was easy to keep a secret. Nowadays we have very fast communications: telephone, e-mail and so on that can send your message across the world in seconds. \n\nHowever how easy is it to keep your message a secret? \n\nYour message can be read by anyone who knows how to intercept it. Your message can be copied and sent to others instantly. \n\nIf you wanted to send a secret message, what do you think would be the safest way to do it?", "option2": "Drum making is traditionally a male craft which requires a lot of skill. The body of the drum is carved from a single piece of wood and is hollowed out to act as a resonator. Goatskin is often used for the membrane as it is easily available and long lasting. The tension strings are made from leather. The beater is bent into shape when the wood is young, moist and flexible by tying the head of the beater to wider handled end with a very tight string. The string is removed when the wood is dry and permanently bent into shape. Drums can be decorated with bells, tassels etc." }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "West African Peoples" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-500248", "id": "term-500248", "uuid": "a5db039e-53e6-346c-be52-99a45776a8d5" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "drumsticks" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name (AAT)" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1018320", "id": "term-1018320", "uuid": "29c0a51d-fb1f-3003-8c79-7f9145214f48" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "shell" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "physical": [ { "note": "Rooney, Imogen 1999-08-12", "component": "overall", "term": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@entity": "literal" 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