{ "summary": { "title": "walking stick" }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "HC.1999.1331", "type": "accession number", "value": "HC.1999.1331", "primary": true }, { "note": [ { "value": "HC.1999.1331 WAS CHANGED BY Rachel Perkins ON 1999-08-18" } ], "source": "Acquisitions", "type": "entry number", "value": "E516.73" }, { "note": [ { "value": "allocated by Mr.Rothschild, list with Entry Form." } ], "value": "86" } ], "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-08-15", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "note": "Complete", "author": "Aw, Justine", "type": "CO Core Record QA" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-08-15", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "note": "Core Record", "author": "Aw, Justine", "type": "CO" }, { "type": "Loan Item Handling" }, { "type": "Loan Item Packing" }, { "type": "Loan Item Shipping" } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "The hunter and the ebony tree" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "learning subject" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-286", "id": "subject-286", "uuid": "c256bf0d-5d5e-3a79-91de-5a65a7e6f8ed" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Health and Healing" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "theme" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-07-07", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-323", "id": "subject-323", "uuid": "64769af2-31c4-32fc-b465-0cebef968571" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Ebony walking stick with disc shaped top, tourist art.", "primary": true }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "This walking stick has been 'turned' on a human powered or mechanical lathe. The outline shape of the stick is roughly cut from ebony before being clamped at either end and spun very fast. The turner uses a sharp blade on the spinning surface of the stick to get the smooth and even surface before polishing highly. Ebony wood of this dark colour comes from older ebony trees but they are slow growing and take about 100 years to reach maturity. Many wood carvers and turners, usually men, rely on the tourist trade in Africa to sell their goods." }, { "type": "description", "value": "Ebony walking stick with disc shaped top, tourist art.\n\nVIDEOS AND PHOTOGRAPHS: Tropical and Subtropical Trees: A Worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide by Margaret Barwick (Author), Anton van der Schans (Author)" }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Although this walking stick is useable it was probably made to sell to tourists as an Ebony wood souvenir." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "How is it used? \nMost sub-saharan African countries are selling wood carvings and turned wood to tourists some of which, like this example, are made from species of local wood which may be under threat. It may be used to make walking sticks, carved figures, chess pieces, knife handles etc. However, most Ebony is sold to instrument makers. \n \nWho is it used by and why them? \nIn Africa Ebony wood has traditionally been used in building as it is resistant to termites and other insects. Nowadays, many local wood turners and carvers make their living selling souvenirs to tourists and would otherwise have no income. However, most African Ebony is sold to Europe to be made into musical instruments." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Ebony trees usually occur in tropical areas throughout Asia and Africa, but African Ebony is regarded as the best quality. High altitude and arid climate results in a slower growth rate which produces a more dense wood. East African Ebony is regarded as superior to that from other sources. Older trees produce darker wood, which is more sought after. Trees at lower altitude produce redder wood because of the iron content in the soil. It can take 100 years for an Ebony tree to become fully grown. Known as the \"Tree of Music,\" it is the most desired wood to make clarinets, oboes, and bagpipes for professional musicians. Most commercial demand comes from European instrument makers but African Ebony is also sent to makers in the USA and Japan. Demand is growing but since Ebony trees are slow growing it will eventually exceed supply. In Kenya, East Africa, there are only a few pockets of ebony forests left but slow and inadequate action in replanting the tree. The situation is such that Kenya has to import ebony from Tanzania to meet the growing demand for their own wood carving industry. Although Ebony trees are at risk of becoming an endangered species world-wide they are not yet protected by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). CITES promotes international agreement between governments to regulate the sale of species considered to be at risk." }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "These are alternative names (mpingo is used in Kenya) for ebony wood." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Ebony walking stick with disc shaped top, tourist art." }, { "type": "use", "value": "Although this walking stick is useable it was probably made to sell to tourists as an Ebony wood souvenir. \n \nHow is it used? \nMost sub-saharan African countries are selling wood carvings and turned wood to tourists some of which, like this example, are made from species of local wood which may be under threat. It may be used to make walking sticks, carved figures, chess pieces, knife handles etc. However, most Ebony is sold to instrument makers. \n \nWho is it used by and why them? \nIn Africa Ebony wood has traditionally been used in building as it is resistant to termites and other insects. Nowadays, many local wood turners and carvers make their living selling souvenirs to tourists and would otherwise have no income. However, most African Ebony is sold to Europe to be made into musical instruments. \n \n \nEbony trees usually occur in tropical areas throughout Asia and Africa, but African Ebony is regarded as the best quality. High altitude and arid climate results in a slower growth rate which produces a more dense wood. East African ebony is regarded as superior to that form other sources. Older trees produce darker wood, which is more sought after. Trees at lower altitude produce redder wood because of the iron content in the soil. It can take 100 years for an Ebony tree to become fully grown. Known as the \"Tree of Music,\" it is the most desired wood to make clarinets, oboes, and bagpipes for professional musicians. Most commercial demand comes from European instrument makers but African Ebony is also sent to makers in the USA and Japan. Demand is growing but since Ebony trees are slow growing it will eventually exceed supply. In Kenya, East Africa, there are only a few pockets of ebony forests left but slow and inadequate action in replanting the tree. The situation is such that Kenya has to import ebony from Tanzania to meet the growing demand for their own wood carving industry. Although Ebony trees are at risk of becoming an endangered species world-wide they are not yet protected by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). CITES promotes international agreement between governments to regulate the sale of species considered to be at risk." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "collection": "Anthropology", "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "blackwood or mpingo", "primary": true }, { "type": "display title" }, { "type": "display title", "value": "blackwood or mpingo" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "These are alternative names (mpingo is used in Kenya) for ebony wood." } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2020, "value": "2020-01-06", "latest": 2020 }, "examiner": "Maycock, Lucy; Welch, Alison", "value": "1: good" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222772704000, "location": "160\/362\/preview_WI_HC_1999_1331.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 592 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 76 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222772704000, "location": "160\/362\/feature_WI_HC_1999_1331.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 2860 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 373 } ] } }, "large": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222772704000, "location": "160\/362\/large_WI_HC_1999_1331.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 7684 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 750 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 750 } ] } }, "mid": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222772704000, "location": "160\/362\/mid_WI_HC_1999_1331.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 848 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 115 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 115 } ] } }, "body": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222772704000, "location": "160\/362\/body_WI_HC_1999_1331.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 759 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 110 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 110 } ] } } }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "image of object" } ], "attribution": { "type": "image (online)" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-media-160362", "id": "media-160362", "uuid": "378b54ee-762c-3918-ae4f-fab97d811557" }, "legal": { "rights": [ { "holder": "Horniman Museum and Gardens", "type": "copyright" } ] }, "type": "image", "@entity": "reference" } ], "@admin": { "processed": 1742839359154, "sequence": 7610640, "uid": "hmc-object-1336", "added": 1664637524544, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-1336", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "df365218-cf32-3208-aa62-f8a0b336b645" }, "material": [ { "type": "catalogue materials", "value": "ebony", "primary": true } ], "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "name": [ { "type": "catalogue name", "value": "walking stick", "primary": true }, { "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "walking sticks" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)" } ], "variation": 114768 }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504399", "id": "term-504399", "uuid": "02fcb609-70f9-30bd-a771-a0f0851eea79" }, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)" }, { "type": "object name" }, { "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)", "value": "walking stick" }, { "type": "object name", "value": "walking stick" }, { "type": "object name", "value": "Ebony Walking Stick" } ], "options": { "option7": "Anthropology", "option5": "Clothes: accessories", "use": "It is useable, but this walking stick was likely made specifically to sell to tourists as an ebony wood souvenir. In Africa, ebony wood has traditionally been used in building as it is resistant to termites and other insects. Nowadays, many local wood turners and carvers make their living selling souvenits to tourists. The majority of African ebony is sold to Europe to be made into musical instruments. African ebony is considered the best quality ebony in the world, as the high altitudes and climate result in slower growth rates which produce a more dense wood . Older trees also produce darker wood, which is more sought after. Ebony trees are at risk of becoming endangered because of the high demand for wood - there are only a few pockets of ebony forests left in Kenya.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "http:\/\/www.cites.org\/eng\/disc\/what.shtml; \nhttp:\/\/www.ventureco-worldwide.com\/african_blackwood_project1.htm\nVIDEOS AND PHOTOGRAPHS: Tropical and Subtropical Trees: A Worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide by Margaret Barwick (Author), Anton van der Schans (Author)", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "N", "option1": "Ebony trees are a good example of a species not yet on the brink of extinction but becoming increasingly under threat because of the level of demand for it. If governments do not soon control the amount of ebony forests being cut down, then it will be difficult for the species to recover because it takes around 100 years for a tree to grow to maturity. \n\nDo you think that it is important to protect some species from exploitation? Do you think that you can do anything about it? Are you doing anything about it?", "option2": "This walking stick has been \u2018turned\u2019 on a human powered or mechanical lathe. The outline shape of the stick is roughly cut from Ebony before being clamped at either end and spun very fast. The turner uses a sharp blade on the spinning surface of the stick to get the smooth and even surface before polishing highly. Ebony wood of this dark colour comes from older Ebony trees but they are slow growing and take about 100 years to reach maturity. Many wood carvers and turners, usually men, rely on the tourist trade in Africa to sell their goods." }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "location": [ { "type": "home location", "value": "HMG - Forest Hill; Horniman Museum; Hands on Base; Right Hand Archive; Bay 7; Shelf C" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "walking sticks" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504399", "id": "term-504399", "uuid": "02fcb609-70f9-30bd-a771-a0f0851eea79" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "shell" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "category": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Education Handling Collection: Anthropology" } ], "physical": [ { "component": "overall", "term": "ebony", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "ebony" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015496", "id": "term-1015496", "uuid": "5344948e-2452-38dd-83c4-a723d18d3964" }, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" } ], "facility": [ { "summary": { "title": "Shelf C" }, "@link": { "date": { "earliest": 2024, "value": "2024-01-05", "latest": 2024 }, "level5": "Shelf C", "level4": "bay 7", "current": "Y", "last": { "level5": "Shelf C", "level4": "bay 7", "location": "HMG - Forest Hill", "level1": "Horniman Museum", "level3": "Right Hand Archive", "level2": "Hands on Base" }, "purpose": "annual audit", "location": "HMG - Forest Hill", "level1": "Horniman Museum", "level3": "Right Hand Archive", "level2": "Hands on Base" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-facility-11202", "id": "facility-11202", "uuid": "275d0dd0-accc-34a2-b4c3-957376c49a38" }, "@entity": "reference", "primary": true }, { "summary": { "title": "Shelf D" }, "@link": { "date": { "earliest": 2007, "value": "2007-05-01", "latest": 2007 }, "current": "N", "role": [ { "value": "historical" } ], "last": { "level5": "000002", "level6": "000009", "location": "Horniman Museum", "level1": "FH", "level3": "00000K", "level2": "SS" }, "purpose": "Eco-Citizens session", "moved": { "by": "Cort, Julia" }, "location": "Horniman Museum. Hands on Base", "level1": "Right Hand Archive", "level3": "Shelf D", "level2": "Bay 2" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-facility-10933", "id": "facility-10933", "uuid": "e557c991-66a3-374e-9b76-e57ded3fa63c" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Shelf C" }, "@link": { "date": { "earliest": 2016, "value": "2016-09-06", "latest": 2016 }, "level5": "Shelf C", "level4": "Bay 7", "current": "N", "role": [ { "value": "historical" } ], "last": { "location": "Horniman Museum. Hands on Base", "level1": "Right Hand Archive", "level3": "Shelf D", "level2": "Bay 2" }, "purpose": "regular storage", "moved": { "by": "Maycock, Lucy" }, "location": "HMG - Forest Hill", "level1": "Horniman Museum", "level3": "Right Hand Archive", "level2": "Hands on Base" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-facility-11202", "id": "facility-11202", "uuid": "275d0dd0-accc-34a2-b4c3-957376c49a38" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Shelf D" }, "@link": { "date": { "earliest": 2018, "value": "2018-01-03", "latest": 2018 }, "level5": "Shelf D", "level4": "Bay 7", "current": "N", "role": [ { "value": "historical" } ], "last": { "level5": "Shelf C", "level4": "Bay 7", "location": "HMG - Forest Hill", "level1": "Horniman Museum", "level3": "Right Hand Archive", "level2": "Hands on Base" }, "purpose": "annual audit", "location": "HMG - Forest Hill", "level1": "Horniman Museum", "level3": "Right Hand Archive", "level2": "Hands on Base" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-facility-11213", "id": "facility-11213", "uuid": "1605c1dd-afa0-3e30-bb5b-6a4230c59dfd" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "creation": { "place": [ { "summary": { "title": "Nigeria" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-258", "id": "place-258", "uuid": "c5d2f3bb-7c31-3d01-98dd-686ff947a86e" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Nigeria, West Africa; Africa" }, "@link": { "source": "catalogue" }, "name": [ { "value": "Nigeria, West Africa; Africa" } ], "@entity": "literal" }, { "summary": { "title": "Nigeria" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-258", "id": "place-258", "uuid": "c5d2f3bb-7c31-3d01-98dd-686ff947a86e" }, "@entity": "reference" } ] } }