{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-04", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Complete", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO Core Record QA" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-04", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Complete", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO Extended Record 1 QA" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2011, "value": "2011-10-04", "latest": 2011, "primary": true } ], "note": "Extended Record 1", "author": "Shepherd, Rupert", "type": "CO" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-08-26", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "IROONEY", "instruction": "amber", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "Bought in 1990 for the Education Centre.\n\nManufacture continued: \nOld wire must first be straightened and this can be done quite effectively by pulling it between two heavy stones. Pieces of wire are then cut to size and bent using pliers. Wires are joined together by overlapping them and wrapping soft wire around the join. Bare electrical fuse wire is often used or sometimes copper electrical wire covered in coloured plastic. In the Transvaal, South Africa, the Sotho and Venda women were hundreds of copper wire bangles, which when broken and discarded provide a useful source of joining wire for toy makers.\nA long piece of wire, bent at the top to form a handle, is attached to the moveable front wheel axle to make the vehicle steerable. This is often missing from vehicles sold to tourists as it makes them more difficult to transport and they are not bought as toys to be used. The suspension is usually provided by coiling pieces of wire into a spring. This simple wire bus has an open frame but some are clad with tin\/aluminium from drinks or motor oil cans. These more sophisticated designs require more tools such as tin openers or scissors to open up cans, and perhaps files and measuring instruments. \nThe wheels on this bus are bare wire but often strips of rubber, perhaps from a bicycle inner tube. Are wrapped around to improve the look, movement and suspension. Wheels are also often made from the ends of drinks cans, aerosol cans or screw tops from bottles. The vehicles are also accessorised with wire to make radio aerials, bicycle bells, wing mirrors etc. Wire toys are not always vehicles, often figures made out of scrap materials have moveable limbs attached by wire to the axle in order to ride bicycles, play drums, shake shakers, or stir the cooking pot. Some wire toys include pieces of wood cut and painted in the form of wild animals with jaws, tails and limbs that move as the wheels turn. The makers are still taking inspiration from what they see around them.\n\nIn South Africa wire working has many variations one of which is the wrapping of objects in coloured plastic-covered electrical wire. This use of pliable coloured wire has an interesting history. There is a clear link between weaving and wirework in South Africa since they require similar skills and although most weaving there is now done by women, it was originally a male dominated craft. When male migrant workers began to move to urban areas, unable to find grasses with which to weave, they used coloured wire to make lids for beer pots (izimbenge). This is said to be the origin of coloured wire working in South Africa .\n\nMORE BOOKS: \nAfrican Renaissance; Peter Magubane. Struik 2000\nLee, D. 'Wire Art' HOB Trolley HAN 699(680).\n\nCONNECTED STORIES: In South Africa wire working has many variations one of which is the wrapping of objects in coloured plastic-covered electrical wire. This use of pliable coloured wire has an interesting history. There is a clear link between weaving and wirework in South Africa since they require similar skills and although most weaving there is now done by women, it was originally a male dominated craft. When male migrant workers began to move to urban areas, unable to find grasses with which to weave, they used coloured wire to make lids for beer pots (izimbenge). This is said to be the origin of coloured wire working in South Africa ." } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "projects": [ "CollectionsOnline01" ], "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Toys" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "related subject" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-59", "id": "subject-59", "uuid": "d1c730e4-77cf-3b46-bd88-465dfca0c391" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Family and Home" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "theme" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-08-10", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-324", "id": "subject-324", "uuid": "ef655832-434e-3cee-8eb3-355146e32731" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Push along wire bus toy.", "primary": true }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "description (online)", "value": "Push along wire bus toy. Bought in 1990 for the Education Centre." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "commentary (online)", "value": "Although found in most sub Saharan African countries these toys are most easily available in southern Africa and are said to have originated amongst the poor youth of South Africa. Traditionally made by boys between the ages of eight to eighteen years as toys for their own use, adults saw the potential for selling them to tourists and there is now a thriving commercial market for wire toys. This has provided a reliable source of income for many poor communities. Although some toys are sold directly to visiting tourists, others are exported either for sale or for exhibition as works of art in galleries and museums. Despite the commercial production of wire toys, young boys continue to make them for their own use and it is still common to see children playing with homemade toys throughout Africa. \n\nAlthough this bus is a simple undecorated example, many wire toys have accessories made from scrap materials. Empty boot shoe polish or coffee tins, aluminium soft drinks cans, bottle tops, coloured plastic electrical wire, pieces of wood etc are all commonly used. Many toys also have more moving parts than this bus. The design of the toys often reflects the environment of the maker, with boys in urban areas creating comfortable cars and buses and boys in rural areas making trucks and farm vehicles. The design and technology skills shown by boys with little or no formal education are extremely high and one of the objectives of exhibiting these toys in more materially wealthy countries is to inspire young people to develop such skills." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "The maker must first have an idea of what the finished vehicle will look like and consider practical problems such as movement and suspension as well as what scrap materials are available. Most scrap wire comes from old fencing, coat hangers or baling wire, but in more commercial production where profits can be made, then new wire may be bought. The only essential tool is a pair of pliers to bend and cut the wire. The maker has added rubber around the wheels to act as tyres. This bus was made in the 1970s." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "type": "manufacture more (online)", "value": "Old wire must first be straightened and this can be done quite effectively by pulling it between two heavy stones. Pieces of wire are then cut to size and bent using pliers. Wires are joined together by overlapping them and wrapping soft wire around the join. Bare electrical fuse wire is often used or sometimes copper electrical wire covered in coloured plastic. In the Transvaal, South Africa, the Sotho and Venda women wear hundreds of copper wire bangles, which when broken and discarded, provide a useful source of joining wire for toy makers.\n\nA long piece of wire, bent at the top to form a handle, is attached to the moveable front wheel axle to make the vehicle steerable. This is often missing from vehicles sold to tourists as it makes them more difficult to transport and they are not bought as toys to be used. The suspension is usually provided by coiling pieces of wire into a spring. This simple wire bus has an open frame but some are clad with tin\/aluminium from drinks or motor oil cans. These more sophisticated designs require more tools such as tin openers or scissors to open up cans, and perhaps files and measuring instruments. \n\nThe wheels on this bus are bare wire but often strips of rubber, perhaps from a bicycle inner tube are wrapped around to improve the look, movement and suspension. Wheels are also often made from the ends of drinks cans, aerosol cans or screw tops from bottles. The vehicles are also accessorised with wire to make radio aerials, bicycle bells, wing mirrors and other things. Wire toys are not always vehicles, often figures made out of scrap materials have moveable limbs attached by wire to the axle in order to ride bicycles, play drums, shake shakers or stir the cooking pot. Some wire toys include pieces of wood cut and painted in the form of wild animals with jaws, tails and limbs that move as the wheels turn. The makers are still taking inspiration from what they see around them.\n\nIn South Africa, wire working has many variations, one of which is the wrapping of objects in coloured plastic-covered electrical wire. This use of pliable coloured wire has an interesting history. There is a clear link between weaving and wirework in South Africa since they require similar skills and although most weaving there is now done by women, it was originally a male dominated craft. When male migrant workers began to move to urban areas, unable to find grasses with which to weave, they used coloured wire to make lids for beer pots (izimbenge). This is said to be the origin of coloured wire working in South Africa ." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Made as a children's push-along toy for play." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Push along wire bus toy." }, { "type": "use", "value": "Made as a children\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s push along toy for play.\n\nIn poor rural and urban areas of Africa many children have had no access to manufactured toys and have made their own from scrap materials. Originally made only by children for children, wire toy making is now also a profitable adult craft. The push along toys usually have a long wire handle and many have moving parts such as the wheels and steering column on this bus. Children enjoy steering and racing these toys. \n\nAlthough found in most sub Saharan African countries these toys are most easily available in southern Africa and are said to have originated amongst the poor youth of South Africa. Traditionally made by boys between the ages of 8 \u00e2\u20ac\u201c 18 years as toys for their own use, adults saw the potential for selling them to tourists and there is now a thriving commercial market for wire toys. This has provided a reliable source of income for many poor communities. Although some toys are sold directly to visiting tourists, others are exported either for sale or for exhibition as works of art in galleries and museums. Despite the commercial production of wire toys, young boys continue to make them for their own use and it is still common to see children playing with homemade toys throughout Africa. Although this bus is a simple undecorated example, many wire toys have accessories made from scrap materials; empty boot shoe polish or coffee tins, aluminium soft drinks cans, bottle tops, coloured plastic electrical wire, pieces of wood etc are all commonly used. Many toys also have more moving parts than this bus. The design of the toys often reflects the environment of the make, with boys in urban areas creating comfortable cars and buses and boys in rural areas making trucks and farm vehicles. The design and technology skills shown by boys with little or no formal education are extremely high and one of the objectives of exhibiting these toys in more materially wealthy countries is to inspire young people to develop such skills." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "In poor rural and urban areas of Africa many children have had no access to manufactured toys and have made their own from scrap materials. Originally made only by children for children, wire toy making is now also a profitable adult craft. The push along toys usually have a long wire handle and many have moving parts such as the wheels and steering column on this bus. Children enjoy steering and racing these toys. \n\nHow is it used?\nThe push along toys usually have a long wire handle and many have moving parts such as the wheels and steering column on this bus. Children enjoy steering and racing these toys.\n\nWho is it used by and why them? \nIn poor rural and urban areas of Africa many children have had no access to manufactured toys and have made their own from scrap materials. Originally made only by children for children, wire toy making is now also a profitable adult craft." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "option5": "Play: toys, games and dolls; Transport", "use": "Made as a children's push-along toy for play. In poor areas of Africa, many children have no access to manufactured toys and therefore make their own from scrap materials. While wire toys were originally made by children for themselves, it is now a profitable adult craft. Selling these toys to tourists has become a reliable source of income for communities in Africa. While this bus is simple and undecorated, many wire toys have accessories made from other scrap materials including tins, drink cans, bottle tops, and coloured plastic electrical wire.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "Davison, P. 'Wireworks: Toys from Southern Africa' African Arts Journal Horniman Library OFJ Volume 16 page 50.\n'Wire Toys from Zimbabwe' Exhibition Leaflet Horniman Library 2PA 688.72(689) BET.; \nLee, D. 'Wire Art' HOB Trolley HAN 699(680).; \nhttp:\/\/www.streetwires.co.za; \nhttp:\/\/www.vam.ac.uk\nAfrican Renaissance; Peter Magubane. Struik 2000\nLee, D. 'Wire Art' HOB Trolley HAN 699(680).", "flag3": "N", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "Y", "system_count": "0", "option4": "CollectionsOnline01", "option1": "It seems that these simple wire toys are also popular in countries where most people have more material wealth than the toy makers themselves since they are now being exported and even exhibited overseas. \n\nHowever are they actually being used as toys in the way that children in Africa still use them? Do children really want to play with simple toys for very long? Or is it adults who like the idea of children being satisfied with them? \n\nWealthy children in Africa are not seen playing with them, so would the poorer African children still play with these toys if they had more choice or would they prefer more complicated toys, perhaps electronic?", "option2": "The maker must first have an idea of what the finished vehicle will look like and consider practical problems such as movement and suspension as well as what scrap materials are available. Most scrap wire comes from old fencing, coat hangers or baling wire but in more commercial production where profits can be made then new wire may be bought. The only essential tool is a pair of pliers to bend and cut the wire. The maker has added rubber around the wheels to act as tyres. This bus was made in the 1970\u2019s.", "option10": "Schools: Around Africa" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "Southern African Peoples" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section", "type": "maker or user" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-500243", "id": "term-500243", "uuid": "806da6f0-d0b5-37a4-a925-195a1fbd86dc" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "toy vehicles" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504477", "id": "term-504477", "uuid": "b49e4437-a7fb-37e1-8475-b32a82ef4e01" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "toy vehicles" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504477", "id": "term-504477", "uuid": "b49e4437-a7fb-37e1-8475-b32a82ef4e01" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Southern African Peoples" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-500243", "id": "term-500243", "uuid": "806da6f0-d0b5-37a4-a925-195a1fbd86dc" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "metal" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Collections Conservation And Care Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016352", "id": "term-1016352", "uuid": "59c8d44f-8aee-3cca-8cec-d1e1665e557f" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "shell" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "physical": [ { "note": "Rooney, Imogen 1999-08-26", "component": "overall", "term": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@entity": "literal" }, "type": "completeness" }, { "note": "Collections Conservation And Care Section.", "component": "overall", "term": "metal", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "metal" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016352", "id": "term-1016352", "uuid": "59c8d44f-8aee-3cca-8cec-d1e1665e557f" }, "sort": 1, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" } ], "creation": { "date": [ { "century": [ "20th" ], "role": [ { "value": "date made" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" }, "earliest": 1971, "value": "1970s", "latest": 1980 }, { "source": "catalogue", "earliest": 1970, "value": "1970s", "latest": 1979 } ], "place": [ { "summary": { "title": "Zimbabwe" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "attribution": { "attributor": "Learning Section" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-349", "id": "place-349", "uuid": "bf282ff2-4400-35b2-b3ed-4fe0d418e4c3" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Zimbabwe, Southern Africa; Africa" }, "@link": { "source": "catalogue" }, "name": [ { "value": "Zimbabwe, Southern Africa; Africa" } ], "@entity": "literal" } ] }, "measurements": { "display": "overall: 555 x 140 x 398 mm", "attribution": { "attributor": "Documentation Section" }, "count": "1", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 555 x 140 x 398 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "15 11\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "398" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "21 7\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "555" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "5 1\/2" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "140" } ] }, "summary": { "title": "toy vehicle" }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "HC.1999.1420", "type": "accession number", "value": "HC.1999.1420", "primary": true } ], "collection": "Anthropology", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2020, "value": "2020-01-06", "latest": 2020 }, "examiner": "Kettlewell, Georgina; 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