{
    "summary": {
        "title": "snake charmer string puppet"
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "HC.1999.1427",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "HC.1999.1427",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "One Indian legend tells that the origin of puppets is owed to the God Brahma (the Hindu god who created the world).  To please his lovely wife Sarasvati, the goddess of learning, he breathed and produced the Adi, the first Nat puppeteer. When Brahma exhaled again, he created a figure, which he taught the Nat to use and move to entertain Sarasvati. The Nat did this so successfully that Brahma became jealous and banished him to earth. Thus the first Bhatt was born. \nThe belief continues to this day that the gods bless puppets and therefore they must be respected. When the kathputli puppets head and layers of clothing are worn out and no longer of use, they are floated down a holy river with prayers."
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "N"
    },
    "subject": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Puppets"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "learning subject"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Learning Section"
                }
            },
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                "id": "subject-205",
                "uuid": "951d66f4-1074-3ef9-9c59-81505361188f"
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            "@entity": "reference"
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        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Family and Home"
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            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "theme"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2013,
                            "value": "2013-08-10",
                            "latest": 2013,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert"
                }
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-subject-324",
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                "uuid": "ef655832-434e-3cee-8eb3-355146e32731"
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            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Origin of puppets"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "learning subject"
                    }
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                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Learning Section"
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    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. \n\n\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe - double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                                   Natural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "type": "original description",
            "value": "c"
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 1999,
                    "value": "1999",
                    "latest": 1999,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "source": "Mellor, Mary",
            "type": "Find Out File",
            "value": "These string puppets from Rajastan are known as Kathputli. The head is carved from wood & painted; the arms and body are usually of stuffed rags and there are no legs. The puppets have high-pitched voices, created by speaking through bamboo and rubber reeds known as Boli. The traditional play involves a hero, Amar Singh, and several trick puppets such as the drummer, the juggler, the horse rider, the snake-charmer and the mask-maker with 2 faces - male & female. The performance is accompanied by music on drums & percussion."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. Bought from Rajasthani Puppeteers by MEM for the Eucation Centre.\n\n{VIDEOS\/PHOTOS: www.metacafe.com\/watch\/419795\/mystic_snake_charmer_indian_cobra (real snake charming. Don't know about copywrite but could add as a link?) Should something in the library!}\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe \u2013 double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                                                    \nNatural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}"
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. Bought from Rajasthani Puppeteers by MEM for the Eucation Centre.\n\nMORE WEBSITES: www.indiaheritage.org\n\n{VIDEOS\/PHOTOS: www.metacafe.com\/watch\/419795\/mystic_snake_charmer_indian_cobra (real snake charming. Don't know about copywrite but could add as a link?) Should something in the library!}\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe \u2013 double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                                   Natural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}"
        },
        {
            "type": "description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. Bought from Rajasthani Puppeteers by MEM for the Eucation Centre.\n\n{VIDEOS\/PHOTOS: www.metacafe.com\/watch\/419795\/mystic_snake_charmer_indian_cobra (real snake charming. Don't know about copywrite but could add as a link?) Should something in the library!}\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe \u2013 double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                                   Natural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}"
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. Bought from Rajasthani Puppeteers by MEM for the Education Centre.\n{VIDEOS\/PHOTOS: www.metacafe.com\/watch\/419795\/mystic_snake_charmer_indian_cobra (real snake charming. Don't know about copywrite but could add as a link?) Should something in the library!}\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe \u2013 double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                              Natural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}\n{PREVIOUSMANUFACTURE\/LIFECYCLE: The head is carved from wood and painted, the arms and body are usually of stuffed rags and there are no legs.}\n{PREVIOUSUSE\/ADAPTATION: These string puppets from Rajastan are known as Kathputli. The head is carved from wood & painted; the arms and body are usually of stuffed rags and there are no legs. The puppets have high-pitched voices, created by speaking through bamboo and rubber reeds known as Boli. The traditional play involves a hero, Amar Singh, and several trick puppets such as the drummer, the juggler, the horse rider, the snake-charmer and the mask-maker with 2 faces - male & female. The performance is accompanied by music on drums & percussion.}"
        },
        {
            "type": "manufacture basic (online)",
            "value": "The head and upper body of a Kathputli puppet like this one are normally made of mango wood. This is carved using knives, chisels and a mallet. The head of the snake is made of wood and the rest is made of cloth. The snake charmer is made to be smaller in size than the snake.\n\nThe puppets arms are stuffed with cloth to give them a rounded, human look and sometimes hand props are sewn onto them for extra weight. The puppets have no legs as the lower body is covered in long, gathered skirts, made a look like the medieval Rajasthani style. The skirts are made of light materials, bordered with gold or silver cloth. The puppets come with swords, turbans, crowns, beards and moustaches. These are given to match with their different social status in life."
        },
        {
            "type": "manufacture more (online)",
            "value": "Strings are attached to their head, waist and hands to give movements such as walking, dancing, running, swordsmanship, juggling and acrobatics. The strings used to control it are always black so that they don't show against the black background of the stage.\n\nThe puppet's faces often have almond shaped eyes and are painted in white or yellow, using ideas from Rajput painting, a style of miniature painting begun in the 16th century in the royal courts of Rajputana.\nAnimal puppets such as camels and horses are made of cloth, cut and sewn into shape, then stuffed with rags or sawdust until hard and stiff with only their necks being moveable."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "use",
            "value": "String puppets, like this snake charmer and snake, come from Rajasthan in India and are used for performing puppet shows. They are known as Kathputli."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "use",
            "value": "How is it used? \nThe puppeteer makes a loop around his fingers and uses the strings to move the puppet around. He has ghungru (bells) in his hands and plays along to a rhythm. The snake-charmer plays a murli (a reed pipe which is the typical snake-charmer's instrument). He uses this to charm the snake. The show often ends with the snake attacking the snake-charmer by either biting him, or by coiling itself round him.  \nKathputli puppet shows keep history, ideas and legends alive. The puppets act out scenes of worship. They also tell the adventures of Indian heroes such as the fierce warrior Amar Singh Rathore. Puppets, such as this dancer, help to keep the audience entertained. Other popular Kathputli puppets include jugglers, musicians, a horse and rider, dancer, and mask maker with two faces!  \n \nWho is it used by and why them? \nRajasthani puppeteers are traditionally from the Bhatt community and are known by the name Nat Bhatt (those who perform plays). Generally they are travelling people who pass on their skills and the stories they tell from generation to generation. The sutradhar (meaning 'holder of the strings'), is the main puppeteer. He is accompanied by the bhagavat (narrator-singer) a woman who is usually his wife. There will also be an assistant and musicians who play the drums, cymbals and the harmonium. All puppeteers say prayers and make rituals before they start the show. At this time they will remember Ganesh, the elephant headed god. He brings good luck and is seen to take care of all puppeteers."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "type": "use",
            "value": "A Kathputli stage is normally made from two charpoys (a type of Indian bed) stood on their ends using. Black cloth is set as a background and makes an arch. The puppeteers call this the Tiwara or Taj Mahal. Electric light, torches or coconut lamps light the stage.  \nThe stage is set at a festival or fair and the loud beats of a dholak drum announce the beginning of the show. The announcer is called Kharbar Khan. His drum is tied between his legs and he holds a stick in both hands. During performances the sutradhar moves the puppets from above using their black strings which do not show up against the black back cloth. He speaks through a boli, a type of bamboo whistle. The boli gives the puppets their high squeaky voices. The bhagavat also sings ballads and plays a drum that goes along with the movement of the puppets. Most of the puppets are hung on bamboo back-stage.  \n \nSome researchers believe that string puppets (sometimes called marionettes in Europe) are the most ancient form of puppets in the world. Some Indian archaeological scholars suggest that the Sitenbenga cave theatre in Girnar, was used to perform puppet shows as far back as the second century B.C. \n \nPuppetry in India is deeply rooted in religion and religious stories. Most traditional puppet-shows are a normal part of religious fairs and festivals. They tell stories of the gods and goddesses in order to receive their blessings. The belief continues to this day that the gods bless puppets and therefore they must be respected. When the kathputli puppets head and layers of clothing are worn out and no longer of use, they are floated down a holy river with prayers."
        },
        {
            "type": "more (online)",
            "value": "In our research we have come across two examples of why the word kathputli is used. One is because kath means wood and putli means doll. Therefore, wooden doll, meaning puppet. The other example we have is that the word katha means story and the word putli means puppet.  Do you know what the exact answer to this is? If so, we would like to know."
        },
        {
            "type": "use",
            "value": "String puppets, like this snake charmer and snake, come from Rajasthan in India and are used for performing puppet shows. They are known as Kathputli. \nHow is it used? \nThe puppeteer makes a loop around his fingers and uses the strings to move the puppet around. He has ghungru (bells) in his hands and plays along to a rhythm. The snake-charmer plays a murli (a reed pipe which is the typical snake-charmer's instrument). He uses this to charm the snake. The show often ends with the snake attacking the snake-charmer by either biting him, or by coiling itself round him.  \nKathputli puppet shows keep history, ideas and legends alive. The puppets act out scenes of worship. They also tell the adventures of Indian heroes such as the fierce warrior Amar Singh Rathore. Puppets, such as this dancer, help to keep the audience entertained. Other popular Kathputli puppets include jugglers, musicians, a horse and rider, dancer, and mask maker with two faces!  \nWho is it used by and why them? \nRajasthani puppeteers are traditionally from the Bhatt community and are known by the name Nat Bhatt (those who perform plays). Generally they are travelling people who pass on their skills and the stories they tell from generation to generation. The sutradhar (meaning \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcholder of the strings\u00e2\u20ac\u2122), is the main puppeteer. He is accompanied by the bhagavat (narrator-singer) a woman who is usually his wife. There will also be an assistant and musicians who play the drums, cymbals and the harmonium. \nAll puppeteers say prayers and make rituals before they start the show. At this time they will remember Ganesh, the elephant headed god. He brings good luck and is seen to take care of all puppeteers. \nA Kathputli stage is normally made from two charpoys (a type of Indian bed) stood on their ends using. Black cloth is set as a background and makes an arch. The puppeteers call this the Tiwara or Taj Mahal. Electric light, torches or coconut lamps light the stage.  \nThe stage is set at a festival or fair and the loud beats of a dholak drum announce the beginning of the show. The announcer is called Kharbar Khan. His drum is tied between his legs and he holds a stick in both hands.  \nDuring performances the sutradhar moves the puppets from above using their black strings which do not show up against the black back cloth. He speaks through a boli, a type of bamboo whistle. The boli gives the puppets their high squeaky voices. The bhagavat also sings ballads and plays a drum that goes along with the movement of the puppets. Most of the puppets are hung on bamboo back-stage.  \nSome researchers believe that string puppets (sometimes called marionettes in Europe) are the most ancient form of puppets in the world. Some Indian archaeological scholars suggest that the Sitenbenga cave theatre in Girnar, was used to perform puppet shows as far back as the second century B.C. \nPuppetry in India is deeply rooted in religion and religious stories. Most traditional puppet-shows are a normal part of religious fairs and festivals. They tell stories of the gods and goddesses in order to receive their blessings.    \nThe belief continues to this day that the gods bless puppets and therefore they must be respected. When the kathputli puppets head and layers of clothing are worn out and no longer of use, they are floated down a holy river with prayers"
        },
        {
            "attribution": {
                "attributor": "Patel, India"
            },
            "type": "description",
            "value": "String puppets known as Kathputli, depicting a snake charmer and his snake. \n\n\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Ganesh shadow puppet. \nMusic Gallery\nPungi or murli (pipe - double clarinet with wind cap, single reed) played by snake charmer kathputli puppet (Case no.375)\nGhungru bells (Case no.?)                                                                                   Natural History\nCommon Cobra from India (Case no.38 & 39)\nCentenary Gallery - Stone figure of Ganesh from the Mahabharata (Lower case opposite the Pacific spears and masks)}"
        }
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            "type": "more (online)",
            "value": "In our research we have come across two examples of why the word kathputli is used. One is because kath means wood and putli means doll. Therefore, wooden doll, meaning puppet. The other example we have is that the word katha means story and the word putli means puppet.  Do you know what the exact answer to this is? If so, we would like to know."
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    "name": [
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            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "snake charmer string puppet",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "string puppets"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)"
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                                "latest": 1999,
                                "primary": true
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                        "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre"
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                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)"
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        {
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)",
            "value": "string puppet"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name",
            "value": "string snake charmer puppet"
        },
        {
            "type": "object name",
            "value": "snake charmer string puppet"
        }
    ],
    "options": {
        "item_count": "2",
        "option7": "Anthropology",
        "option5": "Puppets: string",
        "use": "To make the puppet move, the puppeteer makes a loop around his fingers and uses the strings. The puppeteer also has ghungru (bells) in their hands to play a rhythm. The snake charmer is playing a murli (reed pipe). Rajasthani puppeteers are traditionally from the Bhatt community and are known as Nat Bhatt (those who perform plays). Generally their skills are passed on from generation to generation. The sutradhar (holder of the strings) is the main puppeteer, and is accompanied by the bhagavat (narrator-singer), a woman who is typically the puppeteer's wife. Puppeteers usually pray to Ganesh before the start of the show.",
        "flag4": "N",
        "option6": "Crawford, D. ' Asian Puppets: Wall of the World'  (791.5 CRA).; \nhttp:\/\/www.puppetindia.com; \nhttp:\/\/www.indhistory.com; {VIDEOS\/PHOTOS: www.metacafe.com\/watch\/419795\/mystic_snake_charmer_indian_cobra (real snake charming. \nhttp:\/\/www.indiaheritage.org",
        "flag3": "N",
        "system_count": "2",
        "flag2": "N",
        "flag1": "N",
        "option1": "Over more recent years, Kathputli shows have lost some of their popularity and puppets are made more often for sale to tourists. However there has also been a revival of the art, pushed along by people wishing to keep this important cultural art form alive. Supported by government funding, shows now tour India giving information to the people by telling stories about family planning, disability awareness and HIV\/AIDS. Other themes include the environment, conservation, literacy, the welfare of rural women and farming, too.  \n\nPuppeteers perform in schools, community centres, homes, courtyards, villages, slum dwellings as well as at fairs and festivals. They also run workshops for students, teachers, health professionals and voluntary agency workers to teach them how puppetry can be an important tool to help people learn and give important messages in the community.\n\nKathputli puppetry has been used in the past and in the present to give information to the people. These days we get information daily from a number of devices. Sometimes we call these things 'mass communication'. \n\nWhat are the different types of 'mass communication' we use everyday? \nCan you think of any problems that you have at school or in the community, or something important that you would like to teach people about? What is it and do you think that you could use a puppet show to tell people about it?\n\nSnake charmers have to learn to work with snakes as part of their job. Can you think of other jobs where people are dependent on animals? What do those animals do exactly?",
        "option2": "Bought from Rajasthani Puppeteers by MEM for the Eucation Centre.The head and upper body of a Kathputli puppet like this one are normally made of mango wood. This is carved using knives, chisels and a mallet. The head of the snake is made of wood and the rest of cloth. The snake charmer is made to be smaller in size than the snake. The puppets arms are stuffed with cloth to give them a rounded, human look and sometimes hand props are sewn onto them for extra weight. The puppets have no legs as the lower body is covered in long, gathered skirts, made a look like the medieval Rajasthani style. The skirts are made of light materials, bordered with gold or silver cloth. The puppets come with swords, turbans, crowns, beards and moustaches. These are given to match with their different social status in life. Strings are attached to their head, waist and hands to give movements such as walking, dancing, running, swordsmanship, juggling, and acrobatics. The strings used to control it are always black so that they don\u2019t show against the black background of the stage. The puppet\u2019s faces often have almond shaped eyes and are painted in white or yellow, using ideas from Rajput painting, a style of miniature painting begun in the 16th century in the royal courts of Rajputana. Animal puppets such as camels and horses are made of cloth, cut and sewn into shape, then stuffed with rags or sawdust until hard and stiff with only their necks being moveable"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "term": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "string puppets"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 1999,
                            "value": "26-Aug-99",
                            "latest": 1999,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre"
                }
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-505605",
                "id": "term-505605",
                "uuid": "36c5d896-41a0-3088-8da5-985c9044995d"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "shell"
            },
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "classified as"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1016308",
                "id": "term-1016308",
                "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "category": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Education Handling Collection: Anthropology"
        }
    ],
    "facility": [
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "see part records"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2016,
                    "value": "2016-01-05",
                    "latest": 2016
                },
                "current": "Y",
                "last": {
                    "level5": "individual locations on part records",
                    "level4": "Space 3",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Hands on Base",
                    "level1": "Display",
                    "level3": "Shelf c",
                    "level2": "Case 14"
                },
                "purpose": "annual audit",
                "location": "Admin",
                "level1": "TOP RECORD",
                "level2": "see part records"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-11508",
                "id": "facility-11508",
                "uuid": "a707117f-0def-34c9-9f44-a908ae8cb9a3"
            },
            "@entity": "reference",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "HMG - Forest Hill"
            },
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Data imported from source database without location date."
                }
            ],
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 1,
                    "value": "0001",
                    "latest": 1
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "location": "HMG - Forest Hill",
                "level1": "Horniman Museum",
                "level2": "2\/45"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-548",
                "id": "facility-548",
                "uuid": "3b8534e3-4d29-3619-bc5e-1216c54b42dc"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "see part records"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2007,
                    "value": "2007-07-31",
                    "latest": 2007
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "Horniman Museum",
                    "level1": "FH",
                    "level2": "2\/45"
                },
                "location": "TOP RECORD",
                "level1": "see part records"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-11508",
                "id": "facility-11508",
                "uuid": "a707117f-0def-34c9-9f44-a908ae8cb9a3"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        },
        {
            "summary": {
                "title": "Hands on Base"
            },
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2007,
                    "value": "2007-12-10",
                    "latest": 2007
                },
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "location": "see part records",
                    "level1": "TOP"
                },
                "purpose": "Learning Portal",
                "location": "Horniman Museum. Hands on Base",
                "level1": "Display",
                "level3": "individual locations on part records",
                "level2": "Pegboard 11"
            },
            "@admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-50",
                "id": "facility-50",
                "uuid": "0883a9b0-c9c4-3cde-b33d-c612b2dc8f70"
            },
            "@entity": "reference"
        }
    ],
    "creation": {
        "place": [
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Rajasthan"
                },
                "@admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-place-681",
                    "id": "place-681",
                    "uuid": "31b672fb-7004-3bfa-b9d7-30a7745d3c74"
                },
                "@entity": "reference"
            },
            {
                "summary": {
                    "title": "Rajasthan, India, South Asia, Asia"
                },
                "@link": {
                    "source": "catalogue"
                },
                "name": [
                    {
                        "value": "Rajasthan, India, South Asia, Asia"
                    }
                ],
                "@entity": "literal"
            }
        ]
    },
    "measurements": {
        "count": "2"
    }
}