{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-08-31", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "IROONEY", "instruction": "amber", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "OLD DESCRIPTION: Made by MEM for the Education Centre." } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Music" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-46", "id": "subject-46", "uuid": "8e751554-9990-3f09-a696-01b6fc7ff25f" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping.", "primary": true }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping. Made by MEM for the Education Centre.\n{WHYtoLATIN\/LOCALCHILDFIELDisover500maxchars: Sometimes used to play the rhythm in folk music bands.\nIn 1914 E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs developed a way of grouping musical instruments together to make them easier to study. This system of classification had four main groups; idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones and for the first time included instruments from all around the world in one system.\nLike all Idiophones, tapping sticks make their own sound from the vibrations of the material the instrument is made from.}" }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "Musicians often make their own sets of bones. This set is made by Mary Mellors (Senior Teacher, Horniman Museum) in 1979. Rhythm Bones are easily made using either cow or sheep rib bones. They need to be boiled to remove all the meat and then allowed to dry for several weeks before cutting them to about 150cm in length. A file and sandpaper is used to get a smooth finish and then they are oiled. They will sound their best after about a year." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping. Made by MEM for the Education Centre." }, { "type": "description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping. Made by MEM for the Education Centre.\n\nBOOK\/NOTE: The Companion to Irish Traditional Music - By Fintan Vallely - Published 1999 - New York University Press \u2013 \nISBN 0814788025 Need to check Horn Lib" }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Clappers, made from a variety of materials and not only of bone, are used as percussion instruments in many parts of the world and have a long history. The widespread use of bones as a percussion instrument in many cultures is not surprising as they are such an obvious 'ready-made' instrument. In Ireland, England, Scotland and North America today, they are used as rhythm accompaniment to traditional folk music bands (fiddle, banjo, accordion, and so on). Also, particularly in the USA, they are used as a novelty instrument with dance in Minstrel Shows of the late 19th and early 20th centuries." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "The two bones are held suspended between the fingers and hang down in front of the palm of the hand. One is held between the index and middle finger and the other between the middle and fourth finger. The bones are held so that they are touching but curving away from each other. The bones are made to 'tap' together by wrist movements. \nYou can see the grip and movements at this website:\nhttp:\/\/bones.jeffleff.com\/learning\/index.html" }, { "type": "use", "value": "The two bones are held suspended between the fingers and hang down in front of the palm of the hand. One is held between the index and middle finger and the other between the middle and fourth finger. The bones are held so they are touching but curving away from each other. The bones are made to \u00e2\u20ac\u02dctap\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 together by wrist movements. \nYou can see the grip and movements at this website. \nhttp:\/\/bones.jeffleff.com\/learning\/index.html \nClappers, made from a variety of materials not only bone are used as percussion instruments in many parts of the world and have a long history. The widespread use of bones as percussion instrument in many cultures is not surprising as they are such an obvious \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcready-made\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 instrument. In Ireland, England, Scotland and North America today they are used as rhythm accompaniment to traditional folk music bands (fiddle, banjo accordion etc.) Also, particularly in USA, as a novelty instrument with dance in Minstrel Shows of late 19th and early 20th centuries." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping. \nBOOK\/NOTE: The Companion to Irish Traditional Music - By Fintan Vallely - Published 1999 - New York University Press - \nISBN 0814788025 Need to check Horn Lib" }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Pair of cow rib bones used for tapping." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "the bones, rhythm bones, struck idiophone", "primary": true }, { "type": "classified as" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Sometimes used to play the rhythm in folk music bands. Like all Idiophones, tapping sticks make their own sound from the vibrations of the material the instrument is made from." }, { "type": "display title", "value": "the bones, rhythm bones, struck idiophone" } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "TOP", "base": "object" }, "arrangement": { "other_finding_aids": "HMG - Forest Hill; Horniman Museum; Music Performance space; Music Trolley" }, "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "option7": "Musical Instruments", "option5": "Musical instruments: striking", "use": "The two bones are held between the fingers of one hand and hang down towards the palm of the hand, and are made to tap against each other with wrist movements.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "Vallely, F. (1999) 'The Companion to Irish Traditional Music' New York University Press ISBN 0814788025.; \nhttp:\/\/www.asaplive.com\/FARNE\/Learn.cfm?ccs=188&cs=422; \nhttp:\/\/www.rhythmbones.comThe Companion to Irish Traditional Music - By Fintan Vallely - Published 1999 - New York University Press - \nISBN 0814788025 Need to check Horn Lib", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "N", "option1": "Rhythm bones have been found in prehistoric Mesopotamian graves (3000 B.C.) and in Egyptian tombs (3000 B.C.). They were used in Greek and Roman times and they are still played in traditional European folk music. Early immigrants from England and Ireland introduced the rhythm bones to North America to provide the rhythm for jig and reel dances. African Americans incorporated the bones into their music and they became very popular through the success of the 'blackface' minstrel shows in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The minstrel shows were replaced by vaudeville shows which continued using the bones and they also became part of jazz music. The revival of 'folk' music in the 1960s and the recent popularity of Celtic music have ensured the continued use of rhythm bones.", "option2": "Musicians often make their own sets of bones.This set was made by Mary Mellors (Senior Teacher, Horniman Museum) in 1979.\nRhythm Bones are easily made using either cow or sheep rib bones. They need to be boiled to remove all the meat, then allow them to dry for several weeks before cutting them to about 150 cm in length. Use a file and sandpaper to get a smooth finish and then oil them. They will sound their best after about a year.", "option10": "Schools: World Music; ComEd: Hands on Music; Schools: Musical Instruments from Around the World" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "bones" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "31-Aug-99", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016135", "id": "term-1016135", "uuid": "c47703cc-84c7-32fd-b882-6a33080c8797" }, "historical": true, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "shell" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "physical": [ { "note": "Rooney, Imogen 1999-08-31", "component": "overall", "term": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@entity": "literal" }, "type": "completeness" }, { "component": "overall", "term": "bone", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "bone" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016286", "id": "term-1016286", "uuid": "f1aaed8f-ab96-3a44-bd0f-3f9598e0eb77" }, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" } ], "creation": { "place": [ { "summary": { "title": "England" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-448", "id": "place-448", "uuid": "55366546-325b-357d-836f-47562ff1e0d5" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "England, UK; Europe" }, "@link": { "source": "catalogue" }, "name": [ { "value": "England, UK; Europe" } ], "@entity": "literal" } ] }, "measurements": { "display": "overall: 195 x 30 x 20 mm", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 195 x 30 x 20 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "13\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "20" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "7 11\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "195" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "1 3\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "30" } ] }, "summary": { "title": "tapping sticks" }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "HC.1999.1599", "type": "accession number", "value": "HC.1999.1599", "primary": true } ], "collection": "Musical Instruments", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-08-31", "latest": 1999 }, "examiner": "Rooney, Imogen", "value": "1: good" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222765360000, "location": "160\/394\/preview_WI_HC_1999_1599.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 1023 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", 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"a0eed1b3-5c94-328c-a765-5d6f2927b8b7" }, "material": [ { "type": "catalogue materials", "value": "bone (cow ribs)", "primary": true } ], "name": [ { "type": "catalogue name", "value": "tapping sticks", "primary": true }, { "type": "object name" }, { "type": "object name (AAT)" }, { "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "bones" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "31-Aug-99", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre" }, "variation": 0 }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016135", "id": "term-1016135", "uuid": "c47703cc-84c7-32fd-b882-6a33080c8797" }, "historical": true, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "object name" }, { "type": "object name (AAT)", "value": "clapper (idiophone)" }, { "type": "object name", "value": "tapping sticks" }, { "type": "object name", "value": "Tapping Sticks" } ], "category": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Education Handling Collection: Musical 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