{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-09-01", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "FCOPE", "instruction": "amber", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "Bougth INCA by MEM in 1979." } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Music" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-46", "id": "subject-46", "uuid": "8e751554-9990-3f09-a696-01b6fc7ff25f" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Rectangular shaped with 6 holes and incised geometric decoration and traces of colour.", "primary": true }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Rectangular shaped with 6 holes and incised geometric decoration and traces of colour. Bougth INCA by MEM in 1979.\n{RELATEDOBJS: HOB - Mexican 'rain maker' or rainstick HC.????????}\n{PLACE: Andes mountains, northern Argentina, South America}\n{WHYtoLATIN\/LOCALCHILDFIELDisover500maxchars: 'Tarka' is a word from a South American Indian people called the Aymara ethnic group. The word means 'hoarse voice'. The player blows down a 'duct' at one end of the flute (like the whistle mouthpiece of a recorder)\nIn 1914 E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs developed a way of grouping musical instruments together to make them easier to study. This system of classification had four main groups; idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones. \nThe Tarka belongs to the group of instruments known as aerophones. Like all aerophones, the sound is made by a column of vibrating air passing through the instrument with the material it is made of not particularly adding to the sound.}" }, { "type": "description", "value": "Rectangular shaped with 6 holes and incised geometric decoration and traces of colour. Bougth INCA by MEM in 1979.\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: HOB - Mexican 'rain maker' or rainstick HC.????????}\n\n{PLACE: Andes mountains, northern Argentina, South America}" }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Rectangular shaped with 6 holes and incised geometric decoration and traces of colour. Bougth INCA by MEM in 1979." }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "The tarka is carved from thick, heavy wood. Most flutes around the world have a cylindrical shape but the tarka is unusual because it has a square cross-section. The wood used is from the orange or pomegranate trees.\n\nIt was bought in London in the 1970s from a shop called 'Inca' which specialised in South American goods." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "The tarka is played by being blown like a recorder but the holes are covered with the middle of the fingers rather than the tips." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "The musician blows hard to produce a harsh, hoarse sound. The sound is actually two notes played at the same time, each an octave (eight tones) apart. The flute has six holes which are played with three fingers of both hands.\n\nTarkas are played at certain times of the year at village festivals in the high Andes mountains. The musicians often dance as they play the flutes. The sound of the flute is believed to be magical, to encourage dry weather." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "The tarka is a special kind of flute that is played by a group of Native South American Indians called the Aymara people. They live in the high Andes mountains near lake Titicaca in parts of Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Argentina. The Aymara have lived in these mountains for thousands of years and they are linked to the ancient Inca civilisation. \n\nThere are three sizes of tarka which are played together at family and village celebrations such as weddings and carnival. Tarkas are linked to certain seasons of the year as their harsh sound is thought to attract dry weather. That is why they are played at carnival when heavy rain would spoil the ripening crops. If the weather is too dry, another kind of flute called a 'pinkillu' is played to attract the rain. The Aymara people believe that different musical instruments, different sounds and different tunes belong to different times of the year, so the musicians have to be able to play a wide variety of instruments." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Rectangular shaped with 6 holes and incised geometric decoration and traces of colour." }, { "type": "use", "value": "The tarka is played by being blown like a recorder but the holes are covered with the middle of the fingers rather than the tips.\nThe musician blows hard to produce a harsh, hoarse sound. The sound is actually two notes played at the same time, each an octave (eight tones) apart. \nThe flute has six holes which are played with three fingers of both hands. Tarkas are played at certain times of the year at village festivals in the high Andes Mountains. The musicians often dance as they play the flutes. The sound of the flute is believed to be magical, to encourage dry weather.\nThe tarka is a special kind of flute that is played by a group of Native South American Indians called the Aymara people. They live in the high Andes mountains near lake Titicaca in parts of Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Argentina. The Aymara have lived in these mountains for thousands of years and they are linked to the ancient Inca civilisation. \nThere are three sizes of tarka which are played together at family and village celebrations such as weddings and carnival. Tarkas are linked to certain seasons of the year as their harsh sound is thought to attract dry weather. That is why they are played at carnival when heavy rain would spoil the ripening crops. If the weather is too dry another kind of flute called a \u00e2\u20ac\u2122pinkillu\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 is played to attract the rain. The Aymara people believe that different musical instruments, different sounds and different tunes belong to different times of the year, so the musicians have to be able to play a wide variety of instruments." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "tarka, duct flute, aerophone", "primary": true }, { "type": "classified as" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Tarka is a word from a South American Indian people called the Aymara ethnic group. The word means hoarse voice. The player blows down a duct at one end of the flute (like the whistle mouthpiece of a recorder). The tarka belongs to the group of instruments known as aerophones. Like all aerophones, the sound is made by a column of vibrating air passing through the instrument with the material it is made of not particularly adding to the sound." }, { "type": "display title", "value": "tarka, duct flute, aerophone" } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "option7": "Musical Instruments", "option5": "Musical instruments: blowing", "use": "Played by being blown like a recorder but the holes are covered with the middle of the fingers rather than the tips. The musician blows hard to produce a harsh, hoarse sound. The sound is actually two notes played at the same time, each an octave (eigh tones) apart. Tarkas are played at certain times of the year at village festivals in the Andes Mountains. The sound of the flute is thought to be magical and encourage dry weather. Played by an indigenious group, Aymara people, in South America. They live in the Andes near lake Titicaca in parts of Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Argentina. Tarkas are linked to certain seasons of the year, is the weather is too dry another kind of tarka, a 'pinkkillu' is played to attract rain. There are three sizes of tarka which are played together at family and village celebrations such as weddings and carnival.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "http:\/\/aymara.org\/", "flag3": "N", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "N", "system_count": "0", "option1": "The Aymara believe that at different times in the year there should be different music played. \n\nDo we have something similar in British cultures? We have special music at Christmas and in some parts of England, there is Morris Dancing in the spring. Can you think of any other examples from your own traditions and cultures where you live?\nCan you think of any other instruments whose sounds reminds you of certain kinds of weather?\nCan you think of another instrument played to either keep away or bring the rain?", "option2": "The tarka has been carved from thick, heavy wood. Most flutes around the world have a cylindrical shape, but tarka is unusual because it has a square cross-section. The wood used is from the orange or pomegranate trees. It was bought in London in the 1970s from a shop called \u2018Inca\u2019 which specialised in South American goods.", "option10": "ComEd: Hands on MusicCommunity Education Music" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "flutes" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "value": "01-Sep-99", "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1017187", "id": "term-1017187", "uuid": "988e2bf8-4ee4-34a5-b05a-8bfc9e280333" }, "historical": true, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "shell" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "physical": [ { "note": "Cope, Fay 1999-09-01", "component": "overall", "term": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@entity": "literal" }, "type": "completeness" }, { "component": "overall", "term": "wood", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "wood" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015488", "id": "term-1015488", "uuid": "9374e5ef-ab0b-3b66-84bd-3f9728ed1f9a" }, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" } ], "creation": { "place": [ { "summary": { "title": "Argentina" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-130", "id": "place-130", "uuid": "74fcb394-4b68-37ac-bf55-240b5c89144c" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Argentina; South America" }, "@link": { "source": "catalogue" }, "name": [ { "value": "Argentina; South America" } ], "@entity": "literal" } ], "@entity": "lifecycle" }, "measurements": { "display": "overall: 505 x 38 x 35 mm", "count": "1", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 505 x 38 x 35 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "1 3\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "35" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "19 7\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "505" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "1 1\/2" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "38" } ] }, "summary": { "title": "flute" }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "HC.1999.1621", "type": "accession number", "value": "HC.1999.1621", "primary": true } ], "collection": "Musical Instruments", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2020, "value": "2020-01-03", "latest": 2020 }, "examiner": "Whitbread, Thomas; Sandor, Julia", "value": "2: fair" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222691620000, "location": "160\/400\/preview_WI_HC_1999_1621.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 846 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 76 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222691620000, "location": "160\/400\/feature_WI_HC_1999_1621.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 5821 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 373 } ] } }, "large": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222691620000, "location": "160\/400\/large_WI_HC_1999_1621.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 17578 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 750 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 750 } ] } }, "mid": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222691620000, "location": "160\/400\/mid_WI_HC_1999_1621.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 1265 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 115 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 115 } ] } }, "body": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222691620000, "location": "160\/400\/body_WI_HC_1999_1621.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 1185 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 110 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 110 } ] } } }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "image of object" } ], "attribution": { "type": "image (online)" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-media-160400", "id": "media-160400", "uuid": "d98b6dcd-e594-3100-af0b-5e5ea6d8d7c4" }, "legal": { "rights": [ { "holder": "Horniman Museum and Gardens", "type": "copyright" } ] }, "type": "image", "@entity": "reference" } ], "@admin": { "processed": 1739988190976, "sequence": 7569387, "uid": "hmc-object-9632", "added": 1664637524480, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-9632", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "0e19c9ad-3e82-3d63-80c1-31348c191c7a" }, "material": [ { "type": "catalogue materials", "value": "wood, paint", "primary": true } ], "culture": [ { "@link": { "source": "catalogue" }, "name": [ { "type": "catalogue culture", "value": "Aymara" } ], "@entity": "literal" }, { "value": "The Aymara people" }, { "value": "Aymara" } ], "name": [ { "type": "catalogue name", "value": "flute", "primary": true }, { "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "flutes" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "value": "01-Sep-99", "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre" }, "variation": 0 }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1017187", "id": "term-1017187", "uuid": "988e2bf8-4ee4-34a5-b05a-8bfc9e280333" }, "historical": true, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "object name" }, { "type": "object name (AAT)" }, { "type": "object name (AAT)", "value": "flute (aerophone)" } ], "location": [ { "type": "home location", "value": "HMG - Forest Hill; 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