{ "instructions": [ { "date": [ { "earliest": 1999, "value": "1999-09-13", "latest": 1999, "primary": true } ], "note": "FCOPE", "instruction": "amber", "type": "HANDLING STATUS" } ], "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "CITES? - for PV or JH to examine" } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "admin": { "processed": 1745344993916, "sequence": 7766135, "uid": "hmc-object-7927", "added": 1664637525306, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-7927", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "e593adf5-fb98-3597-afa6-d8bff14e4db1" }, "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Skeletal specimen of turtle carapace.", "primary": true }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Turtles have many adaptations to help them survive in water. Their shell protects their body from predators and abrasion. It is streamlined, helping them to glide through the water. They have flat rotatable limbs with fused digits which act like paddles and enable them to swim quickly and move on land. Their hind flippers act like a rudder, stabilising and directing the turtle in the water. Females use their fore flippers to dig a hole for their eggs. The turtles' adaptations to aid movement in water means they are slow and clumsy when moving on land. This makes females easy to catch when on land laying eggs." }, { "historical": true, "type": "description", "value": "Skeletal specimen of turtle carapace." }, { "type": "food basic (online)", "value": "Most turtles are carnivores and eat fish, jellyfish, crabs and molluscs. Green turtles eat marine animals but they mainly feed on seaweed and algae." }, { "type": "food more (online)", "value": "Sea turtles have different shaped jaws depending on their diet. The green turtle has serrated jaws adapted for their vegetarian diet of sea grass." }, { "type": "manufacture basic (online)", "value": "Sea turtles mate in the water. Male court female turtles for a couple of weeks before mating. Fertilisation is internal and a few weeks after this has occurred, females drag themselves onto the shore to lay their eggs. Incubation time varies between species but it is usually after between 45-70 days that the young turtles will break out of their shell and begin to make their way to the sea." }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Celonia mydas is its genus name followed by its species name. There is only one species (or type) of animal in the Celonia genus and this is the green turtle, mydas. Most ocean living turtles like the green turtle are grouped together in the family called Chelonioidea. All turtles in this family have front limbs that are stronger than their back limbs. Turtles are vertebrates and belong to the reptile class." }, { "type": "manufacture more (online)", "value": "Females usually come on shore during the night to lay their eggs. They come up during high tide, usually during the warmest months of the year. They crawl above the high tide line and dig a deep pit and lay their eggs. They usually lay between 50-200 eggs (depending on the species) and cover them over with sand using their hind flippers. \n\nMost females return to the same beach where they hatched to nest each year. Once the hatchlings are ready to hatch, they do so by breaking through the thick shell using a temporary 'egg tooth' called a carbuncle. It can take them between three to seven days to dig their way to the surface but they usually emerge at night time to avoid day predators. The hatchlings then find their way to the water either by using the light as an indicator or by an internal compass. They swim for the rest of the 24-48 hours with the aim of reaching the deeper water where they are less vulnerable to predators. \n\nLittle is known about where turtles spend their first year but it is thought that they spend their time deeper in the ocean feeding from seaweed before returning to more coastal areas a few years later when they are ready to mate." }, { "type": "description", "value": "Skeletal specimen of turtle carapace.\n\n{RELATEDOBJS: Turtle shell in the aquarium\nTurtle shell in the HOB Introduction panel.}\n\n{PLACE: Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.}" }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Sea turtles are very good divers and can stay under water for long periods of time. To achieve this, their heart rate slows to conserve oxygen. Therefore, they can feed under water for long periods of time before having to come to the surface to breathe." }, { "historical": true, "type": "use", "value": "Sea turtles can live in salt water with no need for fresh water. They obtain enough fresh water from their food and are able to break down sea water. They have salt glands to rid their bodies of excess salt. The gland empties salt into the sea from their eyes. The secretion of salt and fluid makes them look like they are crying!" }, { "type": "use", "value": "Turtles have many adaptations to help them survive in water. Their shell protects their body from predators and abrasion. It is streamlined, helping them to glide through the water. They have flat rotatable limbs with fused digits which act like paddles and enable them to swim quickly and move on land. Their hind flippers act like a rudder, stabilising and directing the turtle in the water. Females use their fore flippers to dig a hole for their eggs. The turtles\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 adaptations to aid movement in water mean they are slow and clumsy when moving on land. This makes females easy to catch when on land laying eggs.\nSea turtles are very good divers and can stay under water for long periods of time. To achieve this, their heart rate slows to conserve oxygen. Therefore they can feed under water for long periods of time before having to come to the surface to breathe.\nSea turtles can live in salt water with no need for fresh water. They obtain enough fresh water from their food and are able to break down sea water. They have salt glands to rid their bodies of excess salt. The gland empties salt into the sea from their eyes. The secretion of salt and fluid makes them look like they are crying!" }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Patel, India" }, "type": "description", "value": "Skeletal specimen of turtle carapace." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "Cheloniidae, Celonia mydas", "primary": true }, { "type": "display title" }, { "type": "english name" }, { "attribution": { "date": [ { "value": "13-Sep-99", "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Horniman Education Centre" }, "type": "english name", "value": "turtle" }, { "type": "more (online)", "value": "Celonia mydas is its genus name followed by its species name. There is only one species (or type) of animal in the Celonia genus and this is the green turtle, mydas. Most ocean living turtles like the green turtle are grouped together in the family called Chelonioidea. All turtles in this family have front limbs that are stronger than their back limbs. Turtles are vertebrates and belong to the reptile class." }, { "type": "display title", "value": "Cheloniidae, Celonia mydas" } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "natural history" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "physicalDescriptors": [ { "note": "Cope, Fay 1999-09-13", "component": "overall", "terms": "complete", "descriptor": "completeness", "@reference": { "@link": { "type": "literal" } }, "type": "completeness" } ], "terms": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "classified as" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "shell", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016308", "id": "term-1016308", "uuid": "d70dcb44-62ad-3e14-b299-ecce51efdadb" } } ], "summary_title": "Cheloniidae, Celonia mydas (green turtle carapace (shell))", "legal": { "status": "handling collection" }, "options": { "option7": "Natural History", "option5": "Backboned animals (vertebrates): reptiles", "use": "Turtles have many adaptations to help them survive in water. Their shell protects their body from predators and abrasion. It is streamlined, helping them to guide through the water. They have flat rotatable limbs with fused digits which act like paddles and enable them to swim quickly and move on land. Their hind flippers act like a rudder, stabilisting and directing the turtle in the water. Females use their foreflippers to dig holes for their eggs. The adaptations that make them fast in water mean they are slow and clumsy on land, putting them at risk of predators. \n\nSea turtles are very good divers and can stay underwater for long periods. Their heart rate slows to conserve oxygen while underwater. Sea turtles can live in salt water without needing fresh water as they get water from their food and are able to break down sea water through glands which get rid of excess salt and empty that excess salt into the sea through the turtle's eyes.", "flag4": "N", "option6": "http:\/\/www.mokuluaguides.com\/site.asp?page=Turtles; \nhttp:\/\/marinebio.org\/species.asp?id=51", "flag3": "N", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "N", "flag1": "N", "option1": "All species of turtle are either threatened or endangered. Adult turtles have few predators (mainly large sharks or killer whales), but turtle eggs and hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predators. Many animals such as lizards, sea birds, and crabs eat turtle eggs and fish feed on hatchlings once they have reached the sea. Humans are the greatest predator of sea turtles, killing them for their meat, shells, and eggs. The eggs, hides and meat of turtles have been overexploited. They are easy victims because their habits for nesting are so predictable. Many turtles are also affected by fishing trawlers and may be caught in nets. Although this may not lead to their death, it may delay their migratory pattern and, therefore, affect offspring. An endangered species with some populations already destroyed, the exploitation of the green sea turtle is now tightly controlled where many countries are banning imports.", "option2": "Most marine turtles are carnivores and eat fish, jellyfish crabs and molluscs. Green turtles eat marine animals but the mainly feed on seaweed and algae. Sea turtles have different shaped jaws depending on their diet. The Green turtle has serrated jaws adapted for their vegetarian diet of sea grass. Sea turtles mate in the water. Male court female turtles for a couple of weeks before mating. Fertilisation is internal and a few weeks after has occurred, females drag themselves onto the shore to lay their eggs. Incubation time varies between species but usually after between 45-70 days the young turtles will break out of their shell and begin to make their way to the sea. Females usually come on shore during the night to lay their eggs. They come up during high tide, usually during the warmest months of the year. They crawl above the high tide line and dig a deep pit and lay their eggs. They usually lay between 50- 200 eggs (depending on the species) and cover them over with sand using their hind flippers. Most females return to the same beach where they hatched to nest each year. Once the hatchlings are ready to hatch they do so by breaking through the thick shell using a temporary \u2018egg tooth\u2019 called a carbuncle. It can take them between three to seven days to dig their way to the surface but the usually emerge at night time to avoid day predators. The hatchlings then find their way to the water either using the light as an indicator or an internal compass, and swim for the nest 24-48 hours with the aim of reaching the deeper water where they are less vulnerable to predators. Little is known about where turtles spend their first year but it is thought they spend their time deeper in the ocean feeding from seaweed before returning to more coastal areas a few years later when they are ready to mate.", "option10": "Schools: Animal Classification; Schools: Animals and their habitats; Schools: Animals: Pond, River, Sea; Schools: Bones and Teeth; Schools: Aquatic Adaptations (retired)" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "categories": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Education Handling Collection: Natural History" } ], "measurements": { "display": "overall: 380 x 345 x 80 mm", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 380 x 345 x 80 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "3 1\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "80" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "14 15\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "380" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "13 9\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "345" } ] }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "HC.1999.1668", "type": "accession number", "value": "HC.1999.1668", "primary": true } ], "subjects": [ { "@link": { "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Natural History", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-48", "id": "subject-48", "uuid": "df2254fe-548e-3965-8257-39e50a7c5eb6" } } ], "collection": "Natural History", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2023, "value": "2023-01-05", "latest": 2023 }, "examiner": "Hamblen, Eleanor", "value": "1: Useable" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222770788000, "location": "160\/407\/preview_WI_HC_1999_1668.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 1606 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 76 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222770788000, "location": "160\/407\/feature_WI_HC_1999_1668.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 16995 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 373 } ] } }, "large": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222770788000, "location": "160\/407\/large_WI_HC_1999_1668.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 53807 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 750 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 750 } ] } }, "mid": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222770788000, "location": "160\/407\/mid_WI_HC_1999_1668.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 2720 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 115 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 115 } ] } }, "body": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1222770788000, "location": "160\/407\/body_WI_HC_1999_1668.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 2449 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 110 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 110 } ] } } }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "image of object" } ], "attribution": { "type": "image (online)" }, "type": "reference" }, "legal": { "rights": [ { "holder": "Horniman Museum and Gardens", "type": "copyright" } ] }, "admin": { "uid": "hmc-media-160407", "id": "media-160407", "uuid": "f673a784-3daa-3c38-9436-4b6442406323" }, "sort": "02", "type": "image" } ], "movable": "Y", "materials": [ { "type": "catalogue materials", "value": "Adult turtles have few predators (mainly large sharks or killer whales) but turtle eggs and hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predators. Many animals such as lizards, sea birds and crabs eat turtle eggs and fish feed on hatchlings once they have reached the sea. Humans are sea turtles' greatest predators, killing them for their meat, shell, and eggs.", "primary": true } ], "cultures": [ { "@link": { "source": "catalogue", "type": "literal" }, "name": [ { "type": "catalogue culture", "value": "Turtles are sensitive to temperature and prefer warmer parts of the ocean. They are commonly found close to the shore as they feed along the coastline and nest on beaches." } ] }, { "value": "Turtles are sensitive to temperature and prefer warmer parts of the ocean. They are commonly found close to the shore as they feed along the coastline and nest on beaches." }, { "value": "Turtles are sensitive to temperature and prefer warmer parts of the oceans. 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