{
    "note": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue note",
            "value": "Old, blue exhibition label with object, which reads: \"Head armed with human bone splinters. New Hebrides\". AD 25\/6\/12\n\nHmos material is usually older so likely not HTA.  R. Storrie, 06\/12\/19.\nRepatriation should be looked into BYRNE, S. Oct 2023.\nNo positive ID of human bone.  Possible, not probably human remains.  NEEDS REVIEW.  R. Storrie 9\/3\/2020"
        }
    ],
    "loan": {
        "value": "N"
    },
    "access": {
        "conditions": "Human Remains"
    },
    "projects": [
        "Ambrosia",
        "CollectionsOnline02",
        "OceaniaReview"
    ],
    "objects": [
        {
            "@link": {
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "side-blown horn",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-object-13007",
                "id": "object-13007",
                "uuid": "0b681da4-4da1-3f3b-8601-044806d36c31"
            }
        }
    ],
    "admin": {
        "processed": 1745431432670,
        "sequence": 7503966,
        "uid": "hmc-object-141720",
        "added": 1663962017177,
        "stream": "collections-online",
        "id": "object-141720",
        "source": "hmc",
        "uuid": "36bc736b-21a9-378c-8fa2-a5e34b372428"
    },
    "description": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue description",
            "value": "Spear, shaft of black palm wood and head comprising several hundred barbs cut from human long bones. There were originally three large points at the head although only two now remain. The bone barbs are secured with an extensive and complicated lashing of coconut fibre cordage which is further decorated below the lowest barb with wrappings of vegetable fibre.",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2011,
                    "value": "2011-10-13",
                    "latest": 2011,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "attributor": "Mills, Andy",
                "source": "oceania review"
            },
            "sort": "01",
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Spear, shaft of black palm wood and head comprising several hundred barbs cut from human long bones. There were originally three large points at the head although only two now remains. The bone barbs are secured with an expensive and complicated lashing of coconut fibre cordage which is further decorated below the lowest barb with wrappings of vegetable fibre."
        },
        {
            "historical": true,
            "sort": "02",
            "type": "description",
            "value": "Spear; wooden with human bone splinter barbs."
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2012,
                    "value": "2012-06",
                    "latest": 2006,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2012,
                        "value": "2012-06",
                        "latest": 2006,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
            },
            "sort": "03",
            "type": "commentary (online)",
            "value": "Bone-Barbed Throwing Spear, Santo island, Vanuatu, Eastern Melanesia\n\nSpears were manufactured in a number of different forms in Vanuatu, specific to particular islands and particular purposes. This kind is one of the most famous, and had its origin on the large island of Santo.\n\nSpears for warfare were never used for hunting or fishing in Vanuatu. This is a war-javelin, thrown from the hand, or propelled with a spear-thrower. Like other Santo spears, it has a shaft of bamboo, making it top-heavy, which helped its flight. The multitude of bone barbs are cut from human leg-bones and arm-bones, bound into the shaft with a complex lashing of extremely strong bark-fibre string. \n\nIn most parts of the Pacific, human bones used as a tool-making material generally came from detested enemies, and this act was viewed as a suitable post-mortem humiliation for the enemy. On Santo, however, precisely the opposite was the case. These bones belonged to the original owner\u2019s older male relatives, and of those men, only ones who had achieved a high rank in the sukwe grade-rank system that prevailed throughout Vanuatu. In this way, these points were guaranteed to be strong with mana (supernatural effectiveness).\n\nBamboo, bone, vegetable fibre. Late 19th Century. Provenance unknown."
        },
        {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2012,
                    "value": "2012-06",
                    "latest": 2006,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attribution": {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "earliest": 2012,
                        "value": "2012-06",
                        "latest": 2006,
                        "primary": true
                    }
                ],
                "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
            },
            "type": "description (online)",
            "value": "Spear, shaft of black palm wood and head comprising several hundred barbs cut from human long bones. There were originally three large points at the head although only two now remain. The bone barbs are secured with an extensive and complicated lashing of coconut fibre cordage which is further decorated below the lowest barb with wrappings of vegetable fibre."
        }
    ],
    "language": [
        "eng"
    ],
    "type": {
        "sub_type": [
            "general"
        ],
        "scope": "WHOLE",
        "base": "object"
    },
    "lifecycle": {
        "collection": [
            {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "source": "catalogue",
                        "earliest": 1801,
                        "value": "late 19th century",
                        "latest": 1900
                    },
                    {
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "date collected"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 2023,
                                    "value": "2023-03-15",
                                    "latest": 2023,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "Byrne, Sarah"
                        },
                        "earliest": 1801,
                        "value": "late 19th century",
                        "latest": 1900
                    }
                ]
            }
        ],
        "creation": [
            {
                "date": [
                    {
                        "century": [
                            "19th"
                        ],
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "date made"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 2012,
                                    "value": "2012-05-11",
                                    "latest": 2012,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                        },
                        "sort": "01",
                        "earliest": 1851,
                        "value": "late 19th century",
                        "latest": 1900
                    },
                    {
                        "source": "catalogue",
                        "earliest": 1801,
                        "value": "late 19th century",
                        "latest": 1900
                    }
                ],
                "places": [
                    {
                        "@link": {
                            "role": [
                                {
                                    "value": "made"
                                }
                            ],
                            "attribution": {
                                "date": [
                                    {
                                        "earliest": 2011,
                                        "value": "2011-10-13",
                                        "latest": 2011,
                                        "primary": true
                                    }
                                ],
                                "attributor": "Mills, Andy",
                                "source": "oceania review"
                            },
                            "locale": "Espiritu Santo island",
                            "type": "reference"
                        },
                        "summary_title": "Vanuatu",
                        "admin": {
                            "uid": "hmc-place-337",
                            "id": "place-337",
                            "uuid": "a1bfc93f-feb3-3c0a-9e49-b30693a9c50c"
                        },
                        "sort": "01"
                    },
                    {
                        "@link": {
                            "source": "catalogue",
                            "type": "literal"
                        },
                        "summary_title": "Vanuatu, Oceanic Islands, Oceania",
                        "name": [
                            {
                                "value": "Vanuatu, Oceanic Islands, Oceania"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "@link": {
                            "role": [
                                {
                                    "value": "made or collected"
                                }
                            ],
                            "type": "reference"
                        },
                        "summary_title": "Northern New Hebrides",
                        "admin": {
                            "uid": "hmc-place-1512",
                            "id": "place-1512",
                            "uuid": "90214909-851b-33bb-8a05-dbacfd9c173d"
                        },
                        "historical": true
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "physicalDescriptors": [
        {
            "note": "Mills, Andy",
            "component": "overall",
            "terms": "palm wood",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ],
                    "type": "reference"
                },
                "summary_title": "palm wood",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1018639",
                    "id": "term-1018639",
                    "uuid": "e0145c7f-7bd8-3ecb-9a07-15a16e2fe5ab"
                },
                "sort": 3
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "note": "Mills, Andy",
            "component": "overall",
            "terms": "human bone",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ],
                    "type": "reference"
                },
                "summary_title": "human bone",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1018213",
                    "id": "term-1018213",
                    "uuid": "61eaccd0-2612-3ee3-a7c4-310757025ed4"
                },
                "sort": 2
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "note": "Mills, Andy",
            "component": "overall",
            "terms": "bamboo",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ],
                    "type": "reference"
                },
                "summary_title": "bamboo",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1016367",
                    "id": "term-1016367",
                    "uuid": "a37e0e96-5d3c-3115-b197-f13dc3a9da22"
                },
                "sort": 1
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "terms": "vegetable fibre",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "material"
                        }
                    ],
                    "type": "reference"
                },
                "summary_title": "vegetable fibre",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-1016424",
                    "id": "term-1016424",
                    "uuid": "83f2aa31-d418-3d8e-a5e2-3a742b0f5ed4"
                },
                "sort": 4
            },
            "type": "material"
        },
        {
            "component": "overall",
            "terms": "natural fiber",
            "descriptor": "material",
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "type": "literal"
                }
            },
            "type": "material"
        }
    ],
    "terms": [
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "spears (weapons: missiles & projectors)",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-502770",
                "id": "term-502770",
                "uuid": "83a55561-21de-37ad-92a3-5f427f4700ad"
            },
            "sort": "01"
        },
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "object name"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "spears (general & multipurpose)",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-508612",
                "id": "term-508612",
                "uuid": "2435521f-3b54-38b7-825c-94a73ded0334"
            },
            "sort": "01"
        },
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "material"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "bamboo",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1016367",
                "id": "term-1016367",
                "uuid": "a37e0e96-5d3c-3115-b197-f13dc3a9da22"
            },
            "sort": "02"
        },
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "material"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "human bone",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1018213",
                "id": "term-1018213",
                "uuid": "61eaccd0-2612-3ee3-a7c4-310757025ed4"
            },
            "sort": "03"
        },
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "material"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "palm wood",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-term-1018639",
                "id": "term-1018639",
                "uuid": "e0145c7f-7bd8-3ecb-9a07-15a16e2fe5ab"
            },
            "sort": "04"
        }
    ],
    "summary_title": "spear (weapons: missiles & projectors)",
    "legal": {
        "access": "Human Remains",
        "status": "permanent collection"
    },
    "options": {
        "item_count": "1",
        "use": "fighting",
        "flag4": "N",
        "flag3": "Y",
        "flag2": "N",
        "option4": "OceaniaReview; CollectionsOnline02; Ambrosia",
        "flag1": "N",
        "number1": "1"
    },
    "appraisal": [
        {
            "source": "catalogue",
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "inscription": [
        {
            "details": [
                {
                    "transcription": "[...]HEAD ARMED WITH HUMAN BONE SPLINTERS. NEW HEBRIDES."
                }
            ],
            "sort": "01",
            "type": "label"
        }
    ],
    "categories": [
        {
            "type": "category1",
            "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography"
        }
    ],
    "measurements": {
        "display": "overall: 2526 mm x 56 mm x 68 mm",
        "attribution": {
            "date": [
                {
                    "earliest": 2012,
                    "value": "2012-06-25",
                    "latest": 2012,
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "attributor": "Dove, Alix"
        },
        "count": "1",
        "dimensions": [
            {
                "type": "catalogue dimensions",
                "value": "overall: 2526 mm x 56 mm x 68 mm",
                "primary": true
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "2 11\/16"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "depth",
                "value": "68"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "99 7\/16"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "height",
                "value": "2526"
            },
            {
                "units": "in",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "2 3\/16"
            },
            {
                "units": "mm",
                "dimension": "width",
                "value": "56"
            }
        ]
    },
    "identifier": [
        {
            "accession_number": "hmos16",
            "type": "accession number",
            "value": "hmos16",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "sort": "01",
            "source": "Combined Lab. Numbers",
            "type": "Horniman laboratory number",
            "value": "14443"
        }
    ],
    "subjects": [
        {
            "@link": {
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "theme"
                    }
                ],
                "attribution": {
                    "date": [
                        {
                            "earliest": 2013,
                            "value": "2013-08-10",
                            "latest": 2013,
                            "primary": true
                        }
                    ],
                    "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert"
                },
                "type": "reference"
            },
            "summary_title": "War- and Peace-making",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-subject-325",
                "id": "subject-325",
                "uuid": "618f2ab9-bef2-32bb-9f4e-c60d6bf67b85"
            },
            "sort": "01"
        }
    ],
    "collection": "Anthropology",
    "ownership": [
        {
            "owner": [
                {
                    "@link": {
                        "date": {
                            "value": "-1961-01-09",
                            "latest": 1961
                        },
                        "role": [
                            {
                                "value": "donor"
                            }
                        ],
                        "attribution": {
                            "date": [
                                {
                                    "earliest": 1961,
                                    "value": "1961-01-09",
                                    "latest": 1961,
                                    "primary": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "attributor": "curator",
                            "source": "accession registers"
                        },
                        "type": "reference"
                    },
                    "summary_title": "unknown",
                    "admin": {
                        "uid": "hmc-agent-452",
                        "id": "agent-452",
                        "uuid": "c5c52725-9586-3015-b1ce-7cde02a0b6c8"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "@entity": "lifecycle"
        }
    ],
    "materials": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue materials",
            "value": "palm wood; human bone; bamboo; vegetable fibre; natural fiber",
            "primary": true
        }
    ],
    "name": [
        {
            "type": "catalogue name",
            "value": "spear (weapons: missiles & projectors)",
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "sort": "01",
            "type": "object name (Horniman Ethno.)",
            "value": "spear"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name"
                        }
                    ],
                    "attribution": {
                        "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                    },
                    "type": "reference",
                    "variation": 109963
                },
                "summary_title": "spears (weapons: missiles & projectors)",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-502770",
                    "id": "term-502770",
                    "uuid": "83a55561-21de-37ad-92a3-5f427f4700ad"
                },
                "sort": "01"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        },
        {
            "@reference": {
                "@link": {
                    "role": [
                        {
                            "value": "object name"
                        }
                    ],
                    "attribution": {
                        "attributor": "Mills, Andy"
                    },
                    "type": "reference",
                    "variation": 118593
                },
                "summary_title": "spears (general & multipurpose)",
                "admin": {
                    "uid": "hmc-term-508612",
                    "id": "term-508612",
                    "uuid": "2435521f-3b54-38b7-825c-94a73ded0334"
                },
                "sort": "01"
            },
            "type": "object name"
        }
    ],
    "facilities": [
        {
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2014,
                    "value": "2014-07-10",
                    "latest": 2014
                },
                "level4": "shE",
                "current": "Y",
                "last": {
                    "level4": "00B",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level3": "058",
                    "level2": "3\/3"
                },
                "purpose": "Regular storage",
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "type": "reference",
                "level3": "bay58",
                "level2": "3\/3"
            },
            "summary_title": "shE",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-9040",
                "id": "facility-9040",
                "uuid": "2dfd6adf-46cc-3a0c-bab2-0a13796be2ae"
            },
            "primary": true
        },
        {
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2006,
                    "value": "2006-01-26",
                    "latest": 2006
                },
                "level4": "shI",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "purpose": "regular storage",
                "moved": {
                    "by": "Bergmans, Naomi"
                },
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "type": "reference",
                "level3": "bay05",
                "level2": "3\/3"
            },
            "summary_title": "HMG - North Greenwich",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-550",
                "id": "facility-550",
                "uuid": "a6a2a6a8-0897-383a-b876-7caa8bdc0fea"
            }
        },
        {
            "note": [
                {
                    "value": "Location automatically updated from SCC; 2\/3; 000051; ; TOP;  as part of rationalisation of SCC locations, Rupert Shepherd,  2012-06-30."
                }
            ],
            "@link": {
                "date": {
                    "earliest": 2011,
                    "value": "2011-12-21",
                    "latest": 2011
                },
                "level4": "top",
                "current": "N",
                "role": [
                    {
                        "value": "historical"
                    }
                ],
                "last": {
                    "level5": "00000B",
                    "level4": "000058",
                    "location": "Horniman Museum. Study Collections Centre",
                    "level1": "SCC",
                    "level2": "3\/3"
                },
                "purpose": "STAR OBJECT MOVEMENT, OCEANIA REVIEW",
                "location": "HMG - North Greenwich",
                "level1": "Study Collections Centre",
                "type": "reference",
                "level3": "bay51",
                "level2": "2\/3"
            },
            "summary_title": "top",
            "admin": {
                "uid": "hmc-facility-882",
                "id": "facility-882",
                "uuid": "b026b581-e963-3538-87fc-b8472842c79d"
            }
        }
    ]
}