{ "loan": { "value": "N" }, "projects": [ "CollectionsPeopleStories" ], "admin": { "processed": 1729030143684, "sequence": 7488737, "uid": "hmc-object-111027", "added": 1664508914452, "stream": "collections-online", "id": "object-111027", "source": "hmc", "uuid": "11ac638e-4836-33d1-b83f-4335c3c952c4" }, "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Long, rectangular wooden mould for making dough figures or 'zan par'. Carved with figures of people, deities, spirits and animals as well as symbols. A metal loop is attached at one end.", "primary": true }, { "type": "original description", "value": "Mould. Wooden block for making dough figures. Relief figures of animals and symbols carved into cuboid wooden block. Iron loop at top." }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-02-11", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-02-11", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object" }, "type": "description", "value": "Long, rectangular wooden mould for making dough figures, which is carved with relief figures of animals and symbols, and has an iron loop at the top." }, { "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2014, "value": "2014-06-23", "latest": 2014, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Crowley, Tom" }, "type": "description (online)", "value": "Long, rectangular wooden mould for making dough figures or 'zan par'. Carved with figures of people, deities, spirits and animals as well as symbols. A metal loop is attached at one end." }, { "note": [ { "value": "Based on comments by Zara Fleming (see also her publication below)." } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2014, "value": "2014-06-23", "latest": 2014, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Crowley, Tom" }, "type": "commentary (online)", "value": "This object is a mould or zan par used to produce small effigies in dough made from barley flour (rtsam pa). In Tibetan Buddhism zan par effigies are given as offerings to propitiate evil spirits or to please deities.\n\nThe origins of zan par lie in the religious practices followed in Tibet before the conversion of the region to Buddhism (in the eighth century CE). The pre Buddhist faith demanded sacrifices to appease the spirit world. The sacrificial animal (or in some cases human) would act as a scapegoat (glud) or offering to the deities. Living sacrifices are contrary to Buddhist teachings so zan par effigies represent an adaptation of the pre Buddhist idea of the glud to Buddhist mores.\n\nAs is the case for many ritual objects in Tibetan Buddhism the way in which zan par effigies are made is very important. Producing zan par effigies is understood to be a devotional act, and therefore requires right motivation and spiritual preparation. During manufacture the appropriate prayers are recited. Often, in order to prevent contamination the monk or craftsman creating the effigies wears a mask over his mouth. The zan par mould itself is coated with butter and rtsam pa dough is then pressed into the mould to create the miniature images. The flour is consecrated before use, auspicious ingredients often being added to please the deity being propitiated (sweet substances for peaceful deities, spicier ingredients for wrathful ones). \n\nThe Horniman zan par has a piece of metal (rin chen bdar) attached which consists of an alloy of the five precious metals (rin chen lnga), gold, silver, copper, brass and iron. During the preparation of the dough a little metal powder is filed off into the rtsam pa mixture, thus representing the treasures being offered to the deity.\n\nZan par effigies are often given as offerings in the hope of overcoming obstacles. These obstacles could be metaphysical issues such as obstructions in the path to enlightenment or economic challenges such as crop failure. \n\nWe have had some of the symbols and figures on the Horniman zan par identified: The side of the zan par illustrated in the first image is carved with the days of the week (together with Rahu the planetary deity) and then creatures that fly in the sky after which is a shackled figure representing one who is trapped in a sickness (although this figure could also be used as a charm to protect from negative influences). The next side shows the creatures that live underground followed by those that walk on the earth. The following side bears carvings of two figures, one of which is a lama in ritual dress." } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "lifecycle": { "creation": [ { "places": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "made or collected" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Tibet", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-place-312", "id": "place-312", "uuid": "2db4f42e-7c54-37ee-8704-c6d207f33226" }, "sort": "01" }, { "@link": { "source": "catalogue", "type": "literal" }, "summary_title": "Tibet, China, East Asia, Asia", "name": [ { "value": "Tibet, China, East Asia, Asia" } ] } ] } ] }, "physicalDescriptors": [ { "component": "overall", "terms": "wood", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "wood", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015488", "id": "term-1015488", "uuid": "9374e5ef-ab0b-3b66-84bd-3f9728ed1f9a" }, "sort": 1 }, "type": "material" }, { "component": "overall", "terms": "iron", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "iron", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015540", "id": "term-1015540", "uuid": "d1b2e987-e300-37d2-b85f-9304caf36308" }, "sort": 2 }, "type": "material" } ], "terms": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ], "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "moulds (food processing & storage)", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-503393", "id": "term-503393", "uuid": "d466dd2e-faea-3e55-a9fa-79897727073a" } } ], "summary_title": "mould (food processing & storage)", "legal": { "status": "permanent collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "flag4": "N", "flag3": "N", "flag2": "N", "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories", "flag1": "N" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "inscription": [ { "details": [ { "transcription": "Magic and ritual. Wooden block for making dough figures, used for \"Ransom\" ceremonies incase of illness or bad luck. The figures are offered, then thrown to the dogs. Tibet. Case L. 5A." } ], "type": "label" } ], "categories": [ { "type": "category1", "value": "Anthropology: Ethnography" } ], "measurements": { "display": "overall: 494 mm x 52 mm x 40 mm", "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-02-11", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Jennings, Rachel", "source": "object", "type": "display" }, "count": "1", "dimensions": [ { "type": "catalogue dimensions", "value": "overall: 494 mm x 52 mm x 40 mm", "primary": true }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "depth", "value": "1 9\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "depth", "value": "40" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "17 5\/8" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "447" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "1 15\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "50" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "height", "value": "19 7\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "height", "value": "494" }, { "units": "in", "dimension": "width", "value": "2 1\/16" }, { "units": "mm", "dimension": "width", "value": "52" } ] }, "identifier": [ { "accession_number": "nn3653", "type": "accession number", "value": "nn3653", "primary": true } ], "subjects": [ { "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "theme" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2013, "value": "2013-08-10", "latest": 2013, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Shepherd, Rupert" }, "type": "reference" }, "summary_title": "Food and Feasting", "admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-322", "id": "subject-322", "uuid": "0e9ef095-bd1f-31a7-b8ea-5711d437b7e6" }, "sort": "01" } ], "collection": "Anthropology", "condition": [ { "date": { "earliest": 2015, "value": "2015-12-07", "latest": 2015 }, "examiner": "Cantrill, Alex", "value": "1: good" } ], "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1381742542000, "location": "290\/686\/preview_nn3653__001_PS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 5774 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 19 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1381742542000, "location": "290\/686\/feature_nn3653__001_PS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 8964 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 91 } ] } }, "large": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1381742542000, "location": "290\/686\/nn3653__001_PS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 119399 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 1000 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 244 } ] } }, "mid": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1381742542000, "location": "290\/686\/mid_nn3653__001_PS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 6026 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 115 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 28 } ] } }, "body": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1381742542000, "location": "290\/686\/body_nn3653__001_PS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 5950 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 110 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 27 } ] } } }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "image of object" } ], "portion": "Whole", "attribution": { "type": "general" }, "type": "reference" }, "legal": { "credit": "Horniman Museum and Gardens. 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