{ "note": [ { "type": "catalogue note", "value": "On display in South Hall before decant in March 1994. The painting can be dated to around 1850-60 and was probably completed either at Lahore or Delhi. Dignitaries, local rulers and colourful characters were standard subjects for \u2018Company paintings\u2019 in the Punjab. Their principal customers were Europeans living and working in the India subcontinent. See 1035. FK." } ], "loan": { "value": "N" }, "projects": [ "CollectionsPeopleStories" ], "subject": [ { "summary": { "title": "Painted portraits (World Gallery - Display group)" }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-subject-730", "id": "subject-730", "uuid": "fa5dd940-7af0-30f8-b310-cc9ae1a87379" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "description": [ { "type": "catalogue description", "value": "Miniature depicting a woman, probably a queen of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, dressed in typical Punjabi attire with a blue shawl over her head. Gouache (possibly heightened with gold) on ivory.", "primary": true }, { "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2014, "value": "2014-05-19", "latest": 2014, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Singh, Parmjit" }, "type": "description", "value": "Miniature depicting a woman dressed in typical Punjabi attire, probably a queen of Maharaja Ranjit Singh." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Singh, Parmjit" }, "historical": true, "type": "commentary", "value": "The subject of this portrait, who is dressed in typical Punjabi attire, is not conclusively identifiable but it is most probably one of the wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. During his lifetime he married 20 times and had 12 Sikhs wives, 6 Hindu and 2 Muslim. There are two likely contenders: his first wife, Rani Mehtab Kaur (1782-1813), and his last wife, Maharani Jind Kaur (1817-1863). \nRani Mehtab Kaur was the mother of Ranjit Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s second son, Maharaja Sher Singh (1807-1843). Born at Batala, Punjab, Mehtab Kaur's marriage to Ranjit Singh arose out of political expediency at a time when the growth of the Sikh kingdoms was scarred by periods of intense internecine warfare. One major battle fought in 1785 between her grandfather, Jai Singh Kanehya, and Ranjit Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s father, Maha Singh Sukerchakia, led to a remarkable union between their confederacies. Jai Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s son, Gurbakhsh Singh, was killed during the fighting. So bereaved was the father that he retired from the field a broken man. His daughter-in-law, Sada Kaur, quickly overcame the loss and astutely formed an alliance between the two warring factions by contracting a marriage engagement between her three-year-old daughter, Mehtab Kaur, and Maha Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s five-year-old son, Ranjit Singh. After the death of Maha Singh in 1790 when Ranjit Singh was just 10-years-old, Sada Kaur played a critical role in his early career, helping to carve out his reputation as a daring leader. \nMaharani Jind Kaur (also known as known as Rani Jindan) was born in 1817 in Chahar, Sialkot, Punjab (now in Pakistan). In 1835, she became Ranjit Singh's seventeenth wife and in 1838 bore him a son, Duleep. Duleep was his last child and just ten months later Ranjit Singh died following a stroke. Jind Kaur was the maharaja's only surviving widow, rejecting the practice of sati or throwing herself on the funeral pyre with his other wives, choosing to bring up her young son instead. (continued in next commentary)" }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Singh, Parmjit" }, "type": "commentary", "value": "(continued) His eldest son, Kharak Singh took the throne, but was murdered two years later; the reign of Sher Singh was similarly short-lived and he was assassinated in 1843, upon which Duleep was proclaimed maharaja at the age of five, with his maternal uncle as prime minister and his mother, Jind Kaur, as regent. His uncle's position as prime minister was brief, after the Khalsa Army declared him a traitor and killed him. As Jind Kaur came to power, she was swiftly confronted by the British Army that had moved to her southern border in the hope of conquering one of the last independent states of northern India. \nFollowing the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) she was removed as regent and in February 1847 the British took possession of the capital, Lahore, installing Sir Henry Lawrence as British Resident to oversee their affairs. The British continued to see her as a major threat to their control of the Punjab, since she was instrumental in organising Sikh resistance, rallying her armies to battle and plotting rebellion against the British. Thus in August 1847, to halt her influence on the young king, Duleep was sent away from the palace and Jind Kaur was ordered by Sir Henry Lawrence to the Summan Tower of Lahore Fort and was then was incarcerated in the fort at Sheikhurpura. After being moved around several prisons, she eventually escaped in 1849 and fled to Kathmandu, Nepal, disguised as a beggar woman. \nHer son, the young Maharajah Duleep Singh, converted to Christianity under the influence of his guardians, the Logins. In 1854 aged sixteen, he was sent to England where he was adopted as a godson by Queen Victoria and brought up as a young English gentleman. In 1860, Duleep sent an attendant to Kathmandu to find out about his mother. A report came back through the British resident at Nepal that his mother was alive but almost blind and in ill health. Judging the last queen of Punjab to no longer pose a threat, the governor-general allowed her to meet her son in Calcutta in 1860. \nIt was agreed that Jind Kaur would travel to England. Her private property and jewels, previously taken by the British authorities, would be restored to her on the basis that she left India and in addition she would be granted a pension of \u00c2\u00a33,000 per annum. Her jewels were returned to her at Calcutta at the start of the journey. \nThe Maharajah returned to London with his mother and took a house in Bayswater. During this time, she reawakened her son's true faith and royal heritage, telling him stories of all that had been lost to the British. She had sown the seeds of discontent in Duleep Singh's mind, which would bring about his fall from grace in later life. John Login tried to persuade the Maharajah to find his mother a separate house, feeling that her influence was bad for him. This did not happen until 1862 when she was moved to Abingdon House in Kensington under the charge of an English lady. In August 1863, Jind Kaur died in her Kensington home in the country of her sworn enemy." }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "Singh, Parmjit" }, "type": "commentary (online)", "value": "The subject of this portrait, who is dressed in typical Punjabi attire, is not conclusively identifiable but it is most probably one of the wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. During his lifetime he married 20 times and had 12 Sikhs wives, 6 Hindu and 2 Muslim. There are two likely contenders: his first wife, Rani Mehtab Kaur (1782-1813), and his last wife, Maharani Jind Kaur (1817-1863). \n \nRani Mehtab Kaur was the mother of Ranjit Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s second son, Maharaja Sher Singh (1807-1843). Born at Batala, Punjab, Mehtab Kaur's marriage to Ranjit Singh arose out of political expediency at a time when the growth of the Sikh kingdoms was scarred by periods of intense internecine warfare. One major battle fought in 1785 between her grandfather, Jai Singh Kanehya, and Ranjit Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s father, Maha Singh Sukerchakia, led to a remarkable union between their confederacies. Jai Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s son, Gurbakhsh Singh, was killed during the fighting. So bereaved was the father that he retired from the field a broken man. His daughter-in-law, Sada Kaur, quickly overcame the loss and astutely formed an alliance between the two warring factions by contracting a marriage engagement between her three-year-old daughter, Mehtab Kaur, and Maha Singh\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s five-year-old son, Ranjit Singh. After the death of Maha Singh in 1790 when Ranjit Singh was just 10-years-old, Sada Kaur played a critical role in his early career, helping to carve out his reputation as a daring leader. \n \nMaharani Jind Kaur (also known as known as Rani Jindan) was born in 1817 in Chahar, Sialkot, Punjab (now in Pakistan). In 1835, she became Ranjit Singh's seventeenth wife and in 1838 bore him a son, Duleep. Duleep was his last child and just ten months later Ranjit Singh died following a stroke. Jind Kaur was the maharaja's only surviving widow, rejecting the practice of sati or throwing herself on the funeral pyre with his other wives, choosing to bring up her young son instead." }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2000, "value": "22-Jan-00", "latest": 2000, "primary": true } ], "historical": true, "type": "object description", "value": "miniature" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2000, "value": "22-Jan-00", "latest": 2000, "primary": true } ], "type": "object description", "value": "miniature (painting (art))" }, { "date": [ { "earliest": 2005, "value": "2005-06-09", "latest": 2005, "primary": true } ], "historical": true, "type": "object description", "value": "Miniature Sikh noblewoman" } ], "language": [ "eng" ], "title": [ { "type": "catalogue title", "value": "Sikh noblewoman", "primary": true }, { "type": "supplied" }, { "attribution": { "attributor": "curator" }, "type": "supplied", "value": "Sikh noblewoman" } ], "type": { "sub_type": [ "general" ], "scope": "WHOLE", "base": "object" }, "legal": { "status": "permanent collection" }, "options": { "item_count": "1", "flag4": "N", "option6": "Methyl Bromide", "flag3": "Y", "system_count": "0", "flag2": "Y", "option4": "CollectionsPeopleStories", "flag1": "N", "number1": "1" }, "appraisal": [ { "source": "catalogue", "@entity": "lifecycle" } ], "term": [ { "summary": { "title": "miniatures (paintings (art))" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "object name" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-504925", "id": "term-504925", "uuid": "9ef6a8fd-afbc-3ddb-823a-37891cabda91" }, "@entity": "reference" }, { "summary": { "title": "Sikh" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "maker or user" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2014, "value": "2014-05-19", "latest": 2014, "primary": true } ], "attributor": "Kerlogue, Fiona" } }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-500859", "id": "term-500859", "uuid": "3d158d0d-9a20-37ad-84fd-4dcb19080b9a" }, "@entity": "reference" } ], "physical": [ { "component": "overall", "term": "paper", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "paper" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016455", "id": "term-1016455", "uuid": "8e15c417-63d2-36d3-860b-da44d10f36d0" }, "sort": 3, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" }, { "component": "overall", "term": "ivory", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "ivory" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016301", "id": "term-1016301", "uuid": "3748aaa2-b976-348e-bc1a-50024946104f" }, "sort": 1, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" }, { "component": "overall", "term": "bodycolour", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "bodycolour" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016451", "id": "term-1016451", "uuid": "b87b5895-09b8-31d3-af24-989ccb9c8ecd" }, "sort": 2, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" }, { "component": "overall", "term": "gilding", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "gilding" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1016505", "id": "term-1016505", "uuid": "cd3636c5-70fe-3fb8-8ebf-c76ccd51b47b" }, "sort": 3, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" }, { "note": "Jennings, Rachel; 2017-03-10.", "component": "overall", "term": "glass", "descriptor": "material", "@reference": { "summary": { "title": "glass" }, "@link": { "role": [ { "value": "material" } ] }, "@admin": { "uid": "hmc-term-1015553", "id": "term-1015553", "uuid": "163ec07c-7918-3f27-9f8f-7da03b266cad" }, "sort": 2, "@entity": "reference" }, "type": "material" } ], "creation": { "date": [ { "source": "catalogue", "earliest": 1845, "value": "circa 1850 - 1860", "latest": 1865 }, { "role": [ { "value": "date made" } ], "attribution": { "date": [ { "earliest": 2014, "value": "2014-05-19", "latest": 2014, "primary": true } ], "attributor": 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"identifier": [ { "accession_number": "nn4504", "type": "accession number", "value": "nn4504", "primary": true }, { "source": "object", "type": "unknown", "value": "188" }, { "type": "old 1-3 code", "value": "4;a;" }, { "type": "Horniman Laboratory Number", "value": "15791" } ], "collection": "Anthropology", "multimedia": [ { "processed": { "preview": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1393329519000, "location": "345\/50\/preview_nn4504__001_DS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 23405 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 76 }, { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "width", "value": 57 } ] } }, "feature": { "resizable": true, "format": "jpeg", "modified": 1393329519000, "location": "345\/50\/feature_nn4504__001_DS.jpg", "type": "image", "measurements": { "filesize": { "units": "bytes", "value": 32673 }, "dimensions": [ { "units": "pixels", "dimension": "height", "value": 373 }, { "units": 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