Shadow puppet of a sage holding sacred scroll. From collection M. Mellons.
Shadow puppet theatre in India mainly derives from Hindu Epics, the Ramayana & Mahabharata, and can be traced back to the 12th century. Epic characters include Rama, Sita, Hanuman, Ravana & Ganesha. Plays are also performed about social & political issues, for example promoting health programmes, at festivals, markets & religious ceremonies.The puppets are made from animal skin, which is dried, cleaned, scraped and beaten until it is thin & translucent, and then it is cut to shape. Separate sections form the head, neck, body & limbs. Wires attached to the neck, shoulders, elbows, knees, waist and hands enable the puppets to be moved.